Alkanesulfonation of cyclic and high polymeric phosphazenes

Allcock, Harry R.; Klingenberg, Erick H.; Welker, Mark F.

doi:10.1021/ma00072a032

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As a consequence of the stability and flexibility of the phosphorus-nitrogen backbone, polyphosphazenes have a low glass transition temperature and are reported to be resistant to thermal, chemical, and radiological degradation. [7][8][9] There are several reports in the literature on the sulfonation of phosphazene polymers although none of these studies was directed at fabricating an ion-exchange membrane nor was the structure of the sulfonated polyphosphazenes examined in detail. The sulfonation of aryloxy-and (arylamino)phosphazenes via reaction with sulfuric acid was studied by Allcock and Fitzpatrick 10 while the reaction of (aryloxy)polyphosphazenes with sulfur trioxide was studied by Montoneri and coworkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphosphazene membranes. III. Solid-state characterization and properties of sulfonated poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene]

Tang

Pintauro

Guo

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene] was sulfonated in a solution with SO 3 and solution-cast into 100 -200-m-thick membranes from N,N-dimethylacetamide. The degree of polymer sulfonation was easily controlled and water-insoluble membranes were fabricated with an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) as high as 2.1 mmol/g. For water-insoluble polymers, there was no evidence of polyphosphazene degradation during sulfonation. The glass transition temperature varied from Ϫ28°C for the base polymer to Ϫ10°C for a sulfonated polymer with an IEC of 2.1 mmol/g. The equilibrium water swelling of membranes at 25°C increased from near zero for a 0.04-mmol/g IEC membrane to 900 % when the IEC was 2.1 mmol/g. When the IEC was Ͻ 1.0 mmol/g, SO 3 attacked the methylphenoxy side chains at the para position, whereas sulfonation occurred at all available aromatic carbons for higher ion-exchange capacities. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and polarized microscopy showed that the base polymer, poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene], was semicrystalline. For sulfonated polymers with a measurable IEC, the 3-dimensional crystal structure vanished but a 2-dimensional ordered phase was retained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphosphazene membranes. III. Solid-state characterization and properties of sulfonated poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene]

Tang

Pintauro

Guo

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…7). Difficulties are associated with preparation of the water-insoluble polymers [40][41][42][43][44][45] , and conditioning their hydrophile / hydrophobic properties. Waterinsoluble membranes based on polyphosphazenes can be prepared by crosslinking, introduction of alkyl groups to the aromatic ring of the side chains or by varying the degree of sulfonation of the polymer 46 .…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Polymeric Membranes Including Partially Fluorinatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton-Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polymers

Sedesheva¹,

Ivanov²,

Wozniak³

et al. 2016

Orient. J. Chem

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Review is dedicated to discussion of different types of proton-exchange membranes used in fuel cells (FC). One of the most promising electrolytes is polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). In recent years, researchers pay great attention to various non-fluorinated or partially fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers, which may become a real alternative to Nafion. Typical examples are sulfonated polyetheretherketones, polyarylene ethers, polysulphones, polyimides. A class of polyimides-based hydrocarbon proton-exchange membranes is separately considered as promising for widespread use in fuel cell, such membranes are of interest for our further experimental development.

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“…Allcock et al [82] reported that the molecular level and surface sulfonation of aryloxy and arylamino phosphazene were accomplished through the use of concentrated sulfuric acid. Allcock et al also reported [83] the sulfonation of aminophosphazene with 1,3-propanesulfone, but the yield was very low. Montoneri et al [84,85] showed that aryloxy polyphosphazene can also be sulfonated via the use of sulfur trioxide.…”

Section: Polyphosphazene Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Kittur

Kulkarni²

2012

Ion Exchange Technology I

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Membrane science is a relatively new area of applied chemistry and chemical engineering and plays a vital role in the field of alternative energy and separation applications. The field of membrane science is therefore an emerging area with enormous industrial and public health significance. Today, various kinds of separation membranes have been studied and utilized industrially in different processes including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, and pervaporation. Technical feasibility of all these processes largely depends on membrane and its properties. Among the separation membranes, ion exchange membranes are one of the advanced separation membranes. Therefore, this chapter addresses on different types of ion exchange membranes with reference to their preparation, properties, as well as their industrial applications. Although ion exchange membranes are broadly classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, this chapter also covers other types of ion exchange membranes such as amphoteric, mosaic, bipolar, interpolymer, and graft and block copolymer membranes. At the end, prospectives and conclusions on the ion exchange membranes have also been highlighted. The relevant literature was collected from different sources including Google sites, books, reviews, and research articles.

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Alkanesulfonation of cyclic and high polymeric phosphazenes

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Polyphosphazene membranes. III. Solid-state characterization and properties of sulfonated poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene]

Polyphosphazene membranes. III. Solid-state characterization and properties of sulfonated poly[bis(3-methylphenoxy)phosphazene]

Proton-Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polymers

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

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