Alkenylation of Heterocycle C—H Catalyzed by CuI Nanoparticles

Abstract

The heterocycles and their derivatives are important organic compounds which are widely existed in various natural products and synthetic compounds. Alkenylated heterocycles have great value in the synthesis of natural products, medicine molecules, photoelectric materials and high active polymers. Herein, an efficient method was developed for C-H functionalization of heterocycles to synthesize alkenylated heterocycles with CuI nanoparticles as catalyst, K 3 PO 4 as base, 1,10-phenanthroline as ligand, diglyme as solvent under reflux in argon atmosphere for 24 h. The CuI nanoparticles can be recycled and reused without any significant decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, various aromatic heterocycles can be applied to our catalytic system, and acidity of heterocycle C-H bonds is critical to the reactivity. 18 corresponding trans-alkenylated heterocycles were obtained and characterized.

Progress of the Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Strategy for Clinical Diagnosis with Luminol as the Sensing Probe

“…[34] Cui et al also demonstrated that the ECL of luminol could work well in neutral solutions after being enhanced by both composition/ surface structure of the electrode and coexisting chemical species. [35][36][37][38] They observed that Co 2 + could remarkably enhance the ECL of luminol in acidic media. [39] The enhancement from these tactics for luminol's ECL could be attributed to their activity to mediate boosting free-radicals or localized enriching luminophore by adsorption.…”

“…The anodic generated ECL of luminol on Pt electrode was reported since 1960s. [2,14,40] Thereafter, during a long period, a number of studies about ECL applications were carried out by utilizing different electrodes including Au, [35,36,38,[41][42][43] graphite or paraffin impregnated graphite, [19,44] carbon nanotube paste, [45] Cu, [46,47] glassy carbon, [15,23,35] indium tin oxide (ITO) [48] and screen-printed graphite containing tetracyano-quinodimethane (TCNQ) [49,50] etc. ITO is a degenerated N-type semiconductor that has a large band-gap (about 3.5~4.3 eV) and is transparent to light in visible region.…”

“…Compared to original bare electrode, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude enhancement can be achieved with the electrodes modified with nanoparticles (NPs) such as Au, Pt or Ag. [61] The size, nature of the NPs as well as the nature of the substrate electrode can also be the influencing factors of the ECL behavior. [35] It was found that the ECL emission was much stronger from Ag NPs than that from Au NPs when both on Au substrate.…”

Thermal conductivity and thermal properties of POSS/polytriazole organic–inorganic hybrid material

“…Incorporation of functional or non-functional POSS into thermosetting polymers allows the modifications of the composition and network structure of the polymers simultaneously, so the hybrid materials often exhibit dramatic improvements in performances and this makes them potentially useful for many engineering applications. [8][9][10] In this article, we reported that the introduction of POSS molecule into the polytriazole resin results in a high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid material for thermal properties, including lower thermal conductivity, higher T g , and the thermal decomposition temperature. The effects of different content POSS on thermal conductivity and thermal properties of hybrid materialwere analyzed.…”

Electrochemiluminescent functional nucleic acids‐based sensors for food analysis

“…[29,30] The overall number of publications involving ECL has increased year-by-year. [31,32] A great deal of ECL luminophores and the detailed ECL mechanisms have been extensively studied by many researchers, [11,15,21,[33][34][35][36][37][38] and well summarized in several reviews. [7,31,32,[39][40][41][42] Therefore, in this review, ECL substrates and their related luminescent mechanisms are not presented in detailed.…”