Alkyd resins: From down and out to alive and kicking

Hofland, A.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.01.014

Cited by 170 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, two metal ions may react with dioxygen forming a peroxy bridged metal complex (not shown in the scheme). The superoxide or peroxide bound to the metal ion(s) can then abstract an H • from the alkyd substrate (Reaction (2)). Alternatively, a highvalent metal center may abstract a hydrogen atom (or H + /e) from the allylic CH2 group of the alkyd resin (Reaction (3)).…”

Section: Alkyd Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of the cobalt soap is often expressed at wt % of cobalt metal in the solution, typically between 6 and 12 wt %. As the molecular weight of Co II (2-EH) 2 is 345 g/mol and cobalt 59 g/mol, the solution contains typically between 35 wt % (1 M) and 70 wt % (2 M) of Co II (2-EH) 2 . The paint or coating formulator will dilute the Co II (2-EH) 2 solution to about 0.01-0.05 wt % of cobalt vs. binder in the paint formulation.…”

Section: Cobalt Soapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many paint and ink formulations contain alkyd resins as binders to obtain solid coatings after curing [1,2]. Other binders employed include those based on polyesters, polyvinyl, or phenolic resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkyd resins are made of unsaturated fatty acids, polyols, such as glycerol, and polyacids such as phthalic acid. As the main components of alkyd resins are mostly derived from natural oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil, the sources of alkyd resins can thus be considered as being renewable [2]. The paint or ink formulations can either contain organic solvents to dissolve the alkyd resin or water as the solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst traditionally cobalt soaps, such as cobalt(II)(2-ethylhexanoate) 2 , have been used as primary driers for radical curing, due to probable classification as carcinogen within the EU under REACH, there has been a surge recently to develop alternative curing catalysts based on alternative transition metals such as manganese and iron. This review will focus on these new developments and, therefore, will not give a comprehensive account on all studies of cobalt soaps for alkyd paint drying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Hage¹,

Böer²,

Maaijen³

2016

Inorganics

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Many paint, ink and coating formulations contain alkyd-based resins which cure via autoxidation mechanisms. Whilst cobalt-soaps have been used for many decades, there is a continuing and accelerating desire by paint companies to develop alternatives for the cobalt soaps, due to likely classification as carcinogens under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) legislation. Alternative driers, for example manganese and iron soaps, have been applied for this purpose. However, relatively poor curing capabilities make it necessary to increase the level of metal salts to such a level that often coloring of the paint formulation occurs. More recent developments include the application of manganese and iron complexes with a variety of organic ligands. This review will discuss the chemistry of alkyd resin curing, the applications and reactions of cobalt-soaps as curing agents, and, subsequently, the paint drying aspects and mechanisms of (model) alkyd curing using manganese and iron catalysts.

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Section: Alkyd Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cobalt Soapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Hage¹,

Böer²,

Maaijen³

2016

Inorganics

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Paints, Varnishes, and Related Products

Webster

2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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The paint and coatings industry is highly diverse and complex. Architectural coatings protect houses and buildings; product finishes are applied to furniture and fixtures, prefinished flooring and automobiles; special purpose coatings are used for things like pipelines, aircraft, and ships. Oleochemicals have been an important contributor to paint and coatings technology beginning centuries ago with the use of oils as a paint binder, then as oleoresinous varnishes and, in the recent century, as a key ingredient in alkyd resins – polyesters containing oils or fatty acids. A distinct property that unsaturated “drying oils” brings to paint and coatings systems is their ability to undergo autoxidation leading to the formation of a coherent and solid film. While technical developments in the past 100 years have led to advanced coatings resin technologies such as amino resins, acrylics, synthetic latexes, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins, alkyd resins continue to be the second most used resin technology due to their versatility, ease of synthesis and ease of use. By varying the composition and raw materials used, alkyds can be tailored for a broad range of applications. Alkyds can also be adapted to be used in high solids coatings as well as in waterborne systems. The volume of alkyd resins used worldwide is expected to grow over the next decade.

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Novel Biobased Polymers for Coating Applications

Kalita

Alam

et al. 2016

Biobased and Environmental Benign Coatings

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Alkyd resins: From down and out to alive and kicking

Cited by 170 publications

References 15 publications

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Paints, Varnishes, and Related Products

Novel Biobased Polymers for Coating Applications

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