Alkylations

doi:10.1002/9781119390541.ch5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…It should likewise be considered that not only dimethylhexanes (DMHs) or trimethylpentanes (TMPs) are formed, but also, most of the times, methylpentanes, isopentanes, isohexanes, isoheptanes, or C 8+ hydrocarbons, as well as higher olefins, are also produced. Such molecules come from diverse processes, especially isomerization, β-scission, hydride transfer, and oligomerization. , In spite of the fact of the presence of a group represented by thermodynamically favored products, such as DMH, in the case of C 8 -hydrocarbons, TMPs prevail because of a major kinetic influence. For the sulfuric acid process, 2,2,4-TMP would predominate at equilibrium over the other TMPs, comprising approximately 70% of product, with 2,2,3-TMP the least predominant .…”

Section: Mechanistic Background Of the Alkylation Of Isobutane With N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Progress on the Isobutane/Butene Alkylation Reaction and Related Processes for High-Quality Fuel Production. A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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Although research in renewables is growing at a tremendous rate, the world will still be greatly dependent on fossil fuels for at least the first half of this century. In the quest for more efficient and clean fuels, oil refining companies have turned their attention to processes such as reforming and alkylation technologies; in the latter process, isobutane is reacted with butenes and/or propylenes to produce, among others, branched isooctane, which is the main high-octane component of the gasoline pool. The main benefit of this process is the possibility to produce sulfur-free high-octane fuels, so important economic and environmental advantages are foreseen if investments in this area are realized. This Review analyzes and discusses the most recent progress on catalyst technologies, starting from the traditional sulfuric acid process and proceeding to newly emerging catalyst technologies such as solid acid and ionic liquid-based catalysts. We start with basic mechanistic analyses and conclude this Review with the new nonliquid acid-based commercial and emerging technologies for isobutane alkylation. Emphasis is given to the structure−activity relationships and the advantages and disadvantages present in every discussed catalyst material.

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Section: Mechanistic Background Of the Alkylation Of Isobutane With N...mentioning

confidence: 99%