All about MAX: a male adult voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry

Abstract

The MAX (Male Adult voXel) phantom has been developed from existing segmented images of a male adult body, in order to achieve a representation as close as possible to the anatomical properties of the reference adult male specified by the ICRP. The study describes the adjustments of the soft-tissue organ masses, a new dosimetric model for the skin, a new model for skeletal dosimetry and a computational exposure model based on coupling the MAX phantom with the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Conversion coefficients between equivalent dose to the red bone marrow as well as effective MAX dose and air-kerma free in air for external photon irradiation from the front and from the back, respectively, are presented and compared with similar data from other human phantoms.

Feasibility study of a new platform based on the Case-Based Reasoning principles to efficiently search and store voxel phantoms

“…More phantoms were developed like the NORMAN one (for NORmal MAN) of the National Radiological Protection Board (Dimbylow, 1998), and the one of Zubal (Zubal et al, 1994). ADELAIDE (Caon et al, 1999), GOLEM (Zankl et al, 2001), developed by Zankl and Wittmann are also voxel phantoms, same for FAX (Kramer et al, 2003) and MAX (Kramer et al, 2004) that were made to fit the ICRP Publication 89 (ICRP, 2002) recommendations regarding organs weights. VIP-Man created by Xu (Xu et al, 2000) and the Canine Anatomic Phantom designed by Padilla (Padilla et al, 2008).…”

Optimisation de la dose « patient » pour applications radiologiques spécifiques

“…Puis, le fantôme mathématique fut remplacé par MAX (Kramer et al, 2003), un modèle voxelisé disponible, et les calculs étaient effectués à l'aide de MCNP-X. Le fantôme MAX est constitué de voxels de 3,6 mm × 3,6 mm × 3,6 mm.…”

Evaluation of the fluence to dose conversion coefficients for high energy neutrons using a voxel phantom coupled with the GEANT4 code

“…With a body height of 175.3cm, a weight of 74.6kg and the most radiosensitive organs and tissues masses being equal or very close to the reference masses, the MAX phantom corresponds better to the anatomical data of the ICRP Reference Man than any other currently existing human voxel phantom. Details and differences between MAX and the Reference Man [9] can been encountered in [10].…”