All-around characterization of brewers’ spent grain

Castro, Luiz Eduardo Nochi; Colpini, Leda Maria Saragiotto

doi:10.1007/s00217-021-03860-5

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Among them, hemicellulose is the most abundant (19%-20% DM ) (Tišma et al, 2018;Giacobbe et al, 2019) and in some cases reaches up to 41.3% (Assefa and Jabasingh, 2020), followed by cellulose (15.2%-28.7% DM ) (Rojas-Chamorro et al, 2019;Assefa and Jabasingh, 2020). The average content of lignin is 11.41%, but it can vary from 3.35% (Castro and Colpini, 2021) to 21% (Giacobbe et al, 2019). The amount of arabinoxylans, the main components of hemicellulose, in BSG ranges from 2.67% (Bravi et al, 2021) to 21.9% (Lynch et al, 2021).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Bsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising, cost-effective, and widely used technique for rapid determination of chemical composition can be near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). NIR is used to characterize the chemical composition by providing qualitative and quantitative information on complex samples, in BSG, the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was investigated by this method (Amirvaresi et al, 2020;Castro and Colpini, 2021). Thermogravimetry (TG) is a modern and fast technique that provides accurate and fast measurements.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Bsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain in the Circular Bioeconomy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Zeko-Pivač

Tišma

Žnidaršič–Plazl

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) accounts for approximately 85% of the total mass of solid by-products in the brewing industry and represents an important secondary raw material of future biorefineries. Currently, the main application of BSG is limited to the feed and food industry. There is a strong need to develop sustainable pretreatment and fractionation processes to obtain BSG hydrolysates that enable efficient biotransformation into biofuels, biomaterials, or biochemicals. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the availability of BSG, chemical properties, and current and potential applications juxtaposed with the existing and emerging markets of the pyramid of bio-based products in the context of sustainable and circular bioeconomy. An economic evaluation of BSG for the production of highly valuable products is presented in the context of sustainable and circular bioeconomy targeting the market of Central and Eastern European countries (BIOEAST region).

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Bsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Bsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain in the Circular Bioeconomy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Zeko-Pivač

Tišma

Žnidaršič–Plazl

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…In general, oxygen was the major element in the adsorbent's compositions; this was because the materials were submitted to a carbonization process in the presence of air. The A.C. (III) and (IV) presented the highest levels of carbon; usually, good adsorbent materials have a high amount of carbon in their composition [11,44]. Other elements were present such as aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, and iron, which came from the nature of the base material, in this case, the sludge from the coagulation process [11].…”

Section: Adsorbent Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the A.C. (IV) diffractogram, for example, no phase other than quartz was detected, indicating that the unit cell of the crystal lattice of this material was composed basically of the elements silicon and oxygen in a hexagonal arrangement. This change most likely came from the chemical activation with phosphoric acid and heat treatment that this material was subjected to; in fact, the intention of activating an adsorbent is to change its structure to provide the formation of a porous surface with high adsorbent capacity; the fact that the base material was rich in silicon allowed all materials to show peaks related to the silicon oxide phases, a material that is highly known in the literature for being a material with a rich porous structure and high adsorptive capacity [26,44,63].…”

Section: Adsorbent Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of nanostructured crystalline composite using residual ashes from flocculated sludge burning process in a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment system

et al. 2022

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Nanostructured crystalline composite (activated carbon) was synthesized from residual ashes of the burning process of the sludge generated in the flotation step of a poultry slaughterhouse and was used for Allura red dye adsorption. The ashes were chemically activated using two types of reagents, H 2 O 2 and H 3 PO 4 , and the structure, morphology, and surface of the adsorbents were characterized by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/ EDS), N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Barret-Joyner-Hallenda (BJH) method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MID/FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the point of zero charge (PZC). The adsorbent synthesized with H 3 PO 4 at 400 ºC displayed the best performance in removing dye molecules in 10 mg.L -1 solution, with a removal rate of approximately 100% when using a concentration of 2 g.L -1 in particle size of 0.42 mm. Besides that, the adsorbent synthesized with H 3 PO 4 had a particle diameter of approximately 15 Å, a size corresponding to the nanometer range, presented a crystallinity structure with well-defined phases such as quartz and the major elements in the composition were carbon and silicon. The surface area of the ashes enlarged from 14.71 to 448.1 m 2 .g -1 when H 3 PO 4 was used as an activator, producing a high-quality adsorbent, with an excellent cost-benefit, being it possible to be produced for a price of 9.35 USD.kg -1 , a price lower than the commercial activated carbon, making it a promising candidate for application in an industrial environment.

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“…Such behavior can be associated with the degradation of protein present in the substrate. According to Castro and Colpini [54], BSG is a feedstock rich in cellulose (23.99%), hemicellulose (9.44%), and lignin (3.35%). However, the protein content of BSG can range from 18 to 30% [55], which is significant for AD [47,53].…”

Section: Ammonia Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Brewer’s Spent Grains toward a More Sustainable Brewery: Operational Performance, Kinetic Analysis, and Bioenergy Potential

et al. 2022

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Industrial beer production generates brewer’s spent grains (BSG) as a primary solid waste. The disposal of industrial waste can cause negative environmental side effects, including greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated the dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of BSG for bioenergy recovery as a solution toward a more sustainable brewery. The laboratory-scale agitated tank batch reactor (6.8 L) was started up with BSG (25%), mesophilic inoculum (45%), and water (30%). The experimental results showed 82.12% solids biodegradation, 57.38% soluble chemical oxygen demand removal, and an accumulated methane yield of 10.53 L CH4 kg–1 TVS. The methane production efficiency was evaluated by the modified Gompertz, Cone, and first-order kinetic models. The Cone model fitted methane evolution better than the modified Gompertz and first-order kinetic models. The biogas produced from the dry AD of BSG could generate electricity (0.133 MWh ton–1) and heat (598.45 MJ ton–1), mitigating 0.0099 and 0.0335 tCO2eq ton−1 BSG, respectively, for electricity and heat. The implementation of dry AD could supply 7.38% of the electricity and 6.86% of the heat required for beer production. Finally, in a biorefinery concept, dry AD can be an alternative route for solid waste management and bioenergy recovery, contributing to reduce the environmental impact of breweries.

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All-around characterization of brewers’ spent grain

Cited by 23 publications

References 49 publications

The Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain in the Circular Bioeconomy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

The Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain in the Circular Bioeconomy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Production of nanostructured crystalline composite using residual ashes from flocculated sludge burning process in a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment system

Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Brewer’s Spent Grains toward a More Sustainable Brewery: Operational Performance, Kinetic Analysis, and Bioenergy Potential

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