All‐cause and suicide mortality among people with methamphetamine use disorder: a nation‐wide cohort study in Taiwan

Lee, Wan‐Chen; Chang, Hu-Ming; Huang, Ming‐Chyi; Pan, Chun‐Hung; Su, Sheng‐Siang; Tsai, Shang‐Ying; Chen, Chiao-Chicy; Kuo, Cheng‐Deng

doi:10.1111/add.15501

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Nevertheless, studies from 2001 onwards in Hong Kong suggested that males were more likely to adopt charcoal burning in Hong Kong (Chan et al, 2005;Chang et al, 2019). This concurs with findings from Canada, Mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea (Chang et al, 2010(Chang et al, , 2016Chen et al, 2012aChen et al, , 2014Cheng et al, 2015;Choi et al, 2014;Han et al, 2018;Ji et al, 2014;Kamizato et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2014aLee et al, , 2014bLee et al, , 2021Pan et al, 2010;Sinyor et al, 2019;Yoshioka et al, 2014Yoshioka et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 56%

The evolution of charcoal-burning suicide: A systematic scoping review

Yeung

Men

Yip

2022

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Introduction: Suicide by charcoal burning has accounted for more than 100,000 deaths. It has become an increasingly common suicide method in Hong Kong since first reported in 1998, and it has spread into South Korea, Taiwan, Japan and other countries. This systematic scoping review aimed to explore current evidence on trends, risk factors, impact of media and prevention strategies for this suicide method, and to identify research gaps. Methods: A search for articles published from January 1998 to June 2021 was conducted through electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and PsycINFO) with the keywords (suicide*) AND (charcoal). Articles describing prevalence, trends, characteristics, risk factors and prevention strategies of charcoal burning suicide deaths were included. Non-peer-reviewed articles, non-English articles, commentaries/editorials/letters, poster abstracts, reviews, meta-analyses and studies that documented only charcoal burning suicide attempters/survivors were excluded. Results: Eighty-eight studies were identified, most from East Asia. Charcoal burning suicide rates in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan has passed the peak, while continuing to increase in South Korea. Risk factors are changing and not static. Media appears to play an important role in triggering and spreading information. Restricting access to charcoal, and raising public awareness have been effective in the short term in preventing charcoal burning suicide, but there is little information on their long-term effectiveness or sustainability. Discussion: More research is required to update the development and dynamic changes of charcoal burning suicide and the contributing factors. The evidence from this review may assist in detecting and intervening early for future novel suicide methods.

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Section: Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 56%

The evolution of charcoal-burning suicide: A systematic scoping review

Yeung

Men

Yip

2022

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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“…28 The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was estimated as the ratio of observed mortality in the bipolar disorder cohort to expected deaths in the general population of Taiwan between February 1, 2001, and December 31, 2016, as described in a previous study. 29 In brief, the expected number of deaths was estimated by sex-specific mean mortality rates in each 10-year age interval of the Taiwanese general population in a corresponding year multiplied by the contributed person-years in the at-risk period experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder in each age and sex category. The value for each age and sex group was then summed to obtain the total number of expected deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood stabilizers and risk of all‐cause, natural, and suicide mortality in bipolar disorder: A nationwide cohort study

Chen

Tsai

Chen

et al. 2022

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objectives People with bipolar disorder have an elevated risk of mortality. This study evaluated associations between the use of mood stabilizers and the risks of all‐cause mortality, suicide, and natural mortality in a national cohort of people with bipolar disorder. Methods In this nationwide cohort study, we used data from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, collected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and included 25,787 patients with bipolar disorder. Of these patients, 4000 died during the study period (including 760 and 2947 from suicide and natural causes, respectively). Each standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as the ratio of observed mortality in the bipolar cohort to the number of expected deaths in the general population. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with a time‐dependent model was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each mood stabilizer with each mortality outcome. Results The SMRs of all‐cause mortality, suicide, and natural mortality in the bipolar disorder cohort were 5.26, 26.02, and 4.68, respectively. The use of mood stabilizers was significantly associated with decreased risks of all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR [aHR] = 0.58, p< 0.001), suicide (aHR = 0.60, p < 0.001), and natural mortality (aHR = 0.55, p < 0.001) within a 5‐year follow‐up period after index admission. Among the individual mood stabilizers, lithium was associated with the lowest risks of all‐cause mortality (aHR = 0.38, p < 0.001), suicide (aHR = 0.39, p < 0.001), and natural mortality (aHR = 0.37, p < 0.001). Conclusion In addition to having protective effects against suicide and all‐cause mortality, mood stabilizers also exert a substantial protective effect against natural mortality, with lithium associated with the lowest risk of mortality.

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“…Second, the magnitudes of possible treatment effects may be stronger for patients with alcohol use disorder than for the other two patient groups. However, suicide mortality has been reported to be high in individuals with opioid or amphetamine use disorders, 54 , 55 and mental health professionals should address psychological distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of psychological distress and self-stigma among three types of substance use disorders receiving treatment-as-usual approaches: real-world data from a 9-month longitudinal study

Chang

Chen

Huang

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Background: Substance use is an important issue worldwide and people with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been reported to have high levels of psychological distress and self-stigma. Therefore, psychological distress and self-stigma in people with SUDs are considerable. Objective: The present study used a longitudinal design to examine whether treatment-as-usual approaches in Taiwan improve psychological distress and self-stigma among people with three types of SUDs (heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol use disorders). Design: A 9-month longitudinal design involving four assessments spaced 3 months apart. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit people with heroin ( n = 112), amphetamine ( n = 151), and alcohol ( n = 56) use disorders from outpatient psychiatric center in Southern Taiwan. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), and self-stigma was assessed using the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were constructed to understand between-group differences in psychological distress and self-stigma over time. Results: Patients with heroin and amphetamine use disorders had lower levels of psychological distress as compared with those with alcohol use disorder. Levels of psychological distress were lower at Time 2 to Time 4 as compared with Time 1. Patients with heroin and amphetamine use disorders had higher levels of self-stigma as compared with those with alcohol use disorder. Self-stigma levels remained stable over time. The dropout rate of receiving treatment-as-usual approach in the 9-month study was 60%. Conclusion: Treatment as usual for SUDs among outpatients in Taiwan may decrease psychological distress but not self-stigma. However, such effects need to be further examined given the high drop-out rates and absence of a control condition. The findings suggest that self-stigma may warrant additional treatment for patients with SUDs.

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All‐cause and suicide mortality among people with methamphetamine use disorder: a nation‐wide cohort study in Taiwan

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

The evolution of charcoal-burning suicide: A systematic scoping review

The evolution of charcoal-burning suicide: A systematic scoping review

Mood stabilizers and risk of all‐cause, natural, and suicide mortality in bipolar disorder: A nationwide cohort study

Comparisons of psychological distress and self-stigma among three types of substance use disorders receiving treatment-as-usual approaches: real-world data from a 9-month longitudinal study

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