All‐day wearable health monitoring system

Abstract

Wearable devices are widely used in the smart healthcare monitoring system to detect changes in user parameters through applications such as wristwatches, bands, and clothing electronic skin. In addition, multimode devices enable monitoring of vital signs, helping diagnose and prevent diseases. A wearable device detects the user's biological signals such as body temperature, movement, heartbeat, and humidity level, transmits the information to the mobile phone, and sends the information to an emergency center/family/clinician through cloud computing or wireless communication systems. This all‐day monitoring system enables the user's status information to be monitored 24 h a day to ensure appropriate treatment, thereby facilitating highly personalized care due to its human‐centricity. When integrated with higher‐level infrastructure, it is expected to be useful in healthcare scenarios, providing benefits to multiple stakeholders. In addition, it will help protect people exposed to potentially life‐threatening environments such as military personnel, first responders, and deep‐sea and space explorers. In this review, the components for implementing an all‐day monitoring system are described, including the electrode design strategy for realizing a skin attachable e‐skin device. Issues related to flexible storage devices and recent research results are also discussed.

Stretchable Low-Impedance Conductor with Ag–Au–Pt Core–Shell–Shell Nanowires and in Situ Formed Pt Nanoparticles for Wearable and Implantable Device

“…The above-mentioned electrical, electrochemical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties of the Ag–Au–Pt NW/Pt NP nanocomposite may be suitable for application to wearable devices. , The nanocomposite was patterned as a mesh structure by mold-casting to form a 3-channel wearable electrode array and improve the contact efficiency and permeability (Figures a and S7). , First, the liquid-state nanocomposite was coated on the PDMS mold to form a conductive layer.…”

Elasto-Plastic Design of Ultrathin Interlayer for Enhancing Strain Tolerance of Flexible Electronics

“…The rapid development of flexible electronics in the past decade has enabled a wide variety of emerging applications ranging from a soft human–machine interface, electronic skin, − energy, , and implantable bioelectronics to flexible and stretchable displays − and smart wearables. − Because flexible devices are highly deformable, materials in these devices experience different degrees of tensile strains during the bending, stretching, compressing, and twisting of the devices. , While polymeric substrates used for fabricating the devices are often compliant enough, other materials such as metals, inorganic semiconductors, and ceramics are too brittle to withstand the tensile strains. Unfortunately, despite the intensive effort to develop various types of soft materials in the past decades, these brittle materials are still indispensable in most device applications. − For example, a metal is widely used as the electrode, interconnect, lead, and contact in flexible electronics due to the intrinsically high conductivity and excellent compatibility with conventional manufacturing processes .…”

Conductive Elastic Composite Electrode and Its Application in Electrocardiogram Monitoring Clothing

“…Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring can be used to monitor heart activity in real time, which is of significance for the early prevention of heart disease. − Wearable heart monitoring uses biological wearable sensors to collect and record cardiac parameters from the human body. For ECG monitoring devices, bioelectric signals are collected by a bioelectric electrode, which converts ionic signals in the organism into electronic signals that can be recorded by electronic devices. − Thus, the performance of electrodes affects the quality of the acquired ECG signal.…”