“…The VB of M-CsPbBr 3 (À5.60, À5.58, À5.61, and À5.63 eV for 0.5 %, 1%,2%, and 4%M-CsPbBr 3 ,respectively) is shiftedu pt oa pproacht he work function of carbon compared with that of the pristine perovskite(À5.66 eV), indicating ar educed energy level difference between the perovskite layer and carbon electrode, which facilitates the transportation as well as extraction of holes and reducest he loss of energy and photogenerated electrons at the interfacef or improved PCE. [36][37][38] The photocurrent-voltage (J-V)c urveso fP SCs based on CsPbBr 3 with or without melamine are measured under simulated AM 1.5G (100 mW cm À2 )s olari llumination (Figure 4c). Ta ble 1s ummarizes the photovoltaic parameters of V OC ,s hortcircuit current density (J SC ), fill factor (FF), and PCE for various devices.T he photovoltaic performance of the devices based on M-CsPbBr 3 is evidently improved, ac hampion 1%M-CsPbBr 3 -based device displays the optimal performance with a PCE of 9.65 %, J SC of 7.42 mA cm À2 , V OC of 1.584 V, andF Fo f 82.11%,y ieldingamarked improvement in comparison with the pristine CsPbBr 3 PSC (PCE:6 .07 %, J SC :5 .87 mA cm À2 , V OC : 1.401 V, and FF:7 3.80 %) and other reportedC sPbBr 3 solar cells.…”