All polymer chip for amperometric studies of transmitter release from large groups of neuronal cells

Larsen, Simon Tylsgaard; Taboryski, Rafael J.

doi:10.1039/c2an35953g

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[39][40][41][42][43] Our results indicate that when chemical stimulation is to be used it is signicant to optimise the ow conditions in order to avoid mechanical stimulation, however, this aspect is not commonly addressed in publications.…”

Section: 52mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…36 The development of electrochemical methods and analysis platforms for population based neurotransmitter detection, specically for DA, is a new emerging eld 25,[35][36][37][38] with scarce applications in microuidic environment. 29,[39][40][41][42][43] We measured DA release from PC12 cells induced by both chemical and mechanical (increased ow rate) stimulation in the microuidic environment aer EIS monitoring of cell adhesion and growth.…”

Section: 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection

et al. 2014

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A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring.

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Section: 52mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection

et al. 2014

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“…24,26 These electrode materials have disadvantages compared to carbonaceous materials, since gold has been reported to biofoul 4,27 while PE-DOT:tosylate suffers from a relatively small potential window 26 and larger amperometric noise. 28 The results presented here show that pyrolyzed photoresist carbon electrodes can successfully be used to measure transmitter release on-chip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we show how pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes can be used on-chip to measure amperometric responses from the release of transmitter molecules from large groups of neuronal cells, an application that has been proven successful for drug screening applications. [22][23][24] …”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pyrolyzed Photoresist Electrodes for Integration in Microfluidic Chips for Transmitter Detection from Biological Cells

Larsen

Argyraki

Amato

et al. 2013

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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In this study, we show how pyrolyzed photoresist carbon electrodes can be used for amperometric detection of potassium-induced transmitter release from large groups of neuronal PC 12 cells. This opens the way for the use of carbon film electrodes in microfabricated devices for neurochemical drug screening applications. We also investigated the effect of using two different photoresists for fabrication of pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes. We observed a significant difference in the cross-sectional profile of band electrodes made of AZ 4562 and AZ 5214 photoresist. This difference can be explained by the difference in photoresist viscosity. By adding a soft bake step to the fabrication procedure, the flatness of pyrolyzed AZ 5214 electrodes could be improved which would facilitate their integration in microfluidic chip devices.Photoresists are organic materials and can therefore be carbonized by elevation to very high temperatures (500 -1100 • C) in an oxygenfree atmosphere. Pyrolyzed photoresist microelectrodes have been made by pyrolysis of fully developed photoresist structures and used for various biosensor applications 1-3 including neurotransmitter detection using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry 4 and Microchip Electrophoresis. 5 Also, it was shown that neuronal cells can be grown directly on pyrolyzed photoresist. 6 Detection of transmitter release from neuronal cells has not been reported so far on pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes despite the success of carbon fiber microelectrodes in this area. 7,8 Several precursor photoresists have been used for the fabrication of pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes, including OIR-897, 9 SPR 220-7.0, 6 OCG 825, 10 Shipley 1813, 11 SU-8 12-14 and various AZ resists. 15-18 The number of studies comparing different photoresist precursors systematically is limited. The bulk conductivity was in one case shown to depend on the photoresist precursor. 16,19 According to two studies on negative photoresists SU-8 and Polyamide 13 and positive photoresists AZ 4330 and OCG-825 19 processed at the same conditions, positive photoresists were found to exhibit higher conductivities than negative photoresists while the variation between the two positive photoresists was small. Pyrolyzed films from positive AZ resists have been shown to exhibit near-atomic flatness 20 (rms roughness from AFM measurements: 0.5 nm), shrinkages of around 80%, 21 resistivities in the range of 2-10 (m cm) 21 and capacitances in the range of 7-100 μF/cm 2 . 21 In this work, we report that pyrolyzed microelectrodes made from positive resists AZ 4562 and AZ 5214 exhibit widely different shapes after pyrolysis. We attribute this difference to a viscosity-dependent flow during pyrolysis. We also characterize a range of physical and electrochemical properties of the pyrolyzed electrodes. Finally, we show how pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes can be used on-chip to measure amperometric responses from the release of transmitter molecules from large groups of neuronal cells, an application that has been proven successful for ...

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“…This is due to the fact that detection of currents that can be as low as a few pA has recently gained more and more interest: the requirements of ever decreasing detection limits in electrochemical sensing brought new technological challenges. 21,22 For this purpose, micro-and nanofabricated electrodes can be made to be used not only for basic research 23 but also for applications, among others, in the fields of health, 24,25 food conservation, 26 drug detection, 27 and environmental monitoring. 28,29 The advantages of reducing electrode dimensions are manifold: from the increased portability of monitoring devices to the higher performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio to higher spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer multilevel lab-on-chip systems for electrochemical sensing

Matteucci¹,

Larsen²,

Garau³

et al. 2013

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology an

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The authors present a scheme intended for production of large quantities of lab on chip systems by means of Si dry etching, electroplating, injection molding, and pressure-assisted thermal bonding. This scheme allows for the fabrication of large numbers of samples having a combination of structures with depths as small as tens of nanometers and as big as hundreds of microns on the same polymer chip. The authors also describe in detail the fabrication procedure of polymer substrates with embedded Au and pedot:tosylate electrodes for electrochemical applications. The electrode fabrication process is simple and fit for integration in a production scheme. The electrode-substrates are then bonded to injection molded counterparts to be used for electrochemical applications. A dimensional and functional characterization of the electrodes is also presented here.

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All polymer chip for amperometric studies of transmitter release from large groups of neuronal cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection

A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection

Pyrolyzed Photoresist Electrodes for Integration in Microfluidic Chips for Transmitter Detection from Biological Cells

Polymer multilevel lab-on-chip systems for electrochemical sensing

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