All-printed strain sensors: Building blocks of the aircraft structural health monitoring system

Zhang, Yuzheng; Anderson, Nickolas; Bland, Scott; Nutt, Steven; Jursich, Gregory; Joshi, Shailendra P.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.10.007

Cited by 116 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Using this piezoelectric property of the ink material, resistance change can be measured when the sensor is subjected to strain. Inject printed sensor is proved to have high strain sensitivity and strain tolerance level [63]. However, it has problems such as temperature-dependent resistance, high transverse strain sensitivities, and nozzle clogging as well.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Health Monitoring in Fuselage Maintenance of the Civil Aviation Industry †

Dong

Kim

2018

Aerospace

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Abstract:Although structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies using sensors have dramatically been developed recently, their capability should be evaluated from the perspective of the maintenance industry. As a first step toward utilizing sensors, the objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of using sensors for inspecting the entire fuselage during C-check. First, we reviewed various sensors for their detection range, detectable damage size, and installed weight, which revealed that the piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) is the most promising sensor for aircraft SHM. Second, we performed a case study of inspecting the fuselage of Boeing-737NG using PWAS. To maintain the same detecting capability of manual inspection in C-check, we estimated the total number of sensors required. It turned out that utilizing sensors can reduce the maintenance downtime and thus, maintenance cost. However, even with a very conservative estimate, the lifetime cost was significantly increased due to the weight of sensor systems. The cost due to the weight increase was an order of magnitude higher than the cost saved by using SHM. We found that a large number of sensors were required to detect damage at unknown locations, which was the main cause of the weight increase. We concluded that to make SHM cost-effective, it would be necessary either to improve the current sensor technologies so that a less number of sensors are used or to modify the aircraft design concept for SHM.

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Section: Carbon Nanotube Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Health Monitoring in Fuselage Maintenance of the Civil Aviation Industry †

Dong

Kim

2018

Aerospace

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“…There are other kinds of sensors, such as carbon nanotube sensors [24], printed sensors [25], and microelectromechanical systems sensors [26]. These sensors are, however, still in the research or development stage and take more time to be commercially available.…”

Section: Literature Review On Structural Health Monitoring Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Condition-Based Maintenance over Scheduled Maintenance Using Structural Health Monitoring System

Dong¹,

Haftka²,

Kim³

2020

Reliability and Maintenance - An Overview of Cases

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This chapter quantifies the advantages of condition-based maintenance on the safety and lifetime cost of an airplane fuselage. The lifecycle of an airplane is modeled as blocks of crack propagation due to pressurization interspersed with inspection and maintenance. The Paris-Erdogan model with uncertain parameters is used to model fatigue crack growth. The fuselage skin is modeled as a hollow cylinder, and an average thickness is calculated to achieve a probability of failure in the order of 1 in 10 million with scheduled maintenance. Condition-based maintenance is found to improve the safety of an airplane over scheduled maintenance and will also lead to savings in lifecycle cost. The main factor of the savings stems from the reduced net revenue lost due to shortened downtime for maintenance. There are also other factors such as work saved on inspection and removing/installing surrounding structures for manual inspection. In addition to cost savings, some potential advantages of condition-based maintenance are discussed such as avoiding damage caused by removing/installing surrounding structures, more predictable maintenance, and improving the safety issues of same aircraft model by posting the frequently occurred damages into Airworthiness Directives, Service Bulletins, or Service Letters.

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“…with highfrequency signals. In contrast, the maximum tolerance of metallic nanoparticles to strain is around 4%, as it creates micro-cracks in-between the solid particles [66]. We present do-it-yourself techniques to overcome this limitation and considerably improve the stretchability of silver conductors by pre-stretching the sample and using improved print designs.…”

Section: Enhancing the Stretchability Of Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft interactive devices are becoming increasingly popular, as they offer unique features and can be seamlessly embedded in demanding physical contexts. Moving beyond flexible-only devices, a wide array of soft interfaces have been explored, including stretchable objects [61], conformal skinworn interfaces [59], e-textiles [3,21] and shape-changing devices [8,37,42,66]. These devices are commonly created using techniques such as screen printing [38,62], sewing [13], or silicone casting [8,34,59,67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Inkjet Circuits

Khan

Roo

Kraus

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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All-printed strain sensors: Building blocks of the aircraft structural health monitoring system

Cited by 116 publications

References 13 publications

Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Health Monitoring in Fuselage Maintenance of the Civil Aviation Industry †

Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Health Monitoring in Fuselage Maintenance of the Civil Aviation Industry †

Advantages of Condition-Based Maintenance over Scheduled Maintenance Using Structural Health Monitoring System

Soft Inkjet Circuits

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