All-process risk modelling of typical accidents in urban hydrogen refueling stations

Xing, Yuxuan; Wu, Jiansong; Bai, Yiping; Cai, Jitao; zhu, Xiaoping

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.08.047

Cited by 43 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A safety distance of at least 29 m should be set when operating HRSs in urban areas. Also, based on HyRAM, in the case of HRSs leakage Xing et al obtained the fatal area, the flammable area, and the relative safety distances for jet fires and explosions. By taking the hydrogen concentration as the function of the distance between the leakage holes and analyzing the maximum diffusion distance of hydrogen under different conditions in free spaces, the required safety distance can be predicted more accurately. , …”

Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Hu,

Gao,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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As fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are increasingly put on the market and hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are built accordingly, fatal accidents caused by explosion due to hydrogen leakage are reported and have become a critical issue. The explosion results from complicated processes associated with the so-called hydrogen jet and diffusion when the hydrogen leaks from FCVs or HRSs, demonstrating its sophisticated characteristics and presenting significant technical challenges. Recently, particularly in the past a few years, researchers have established a variety of theoretical models to reveal the relevant mechanisms and introduced a series of monitoring/diagnostic approaches to detect and control the relevant hazards. This comprehensive review summarizes the major research outcomes and particularly the state-of-the-art progresses in relation to hydrogen leakage in FCVs and HRSs, including (1) subsonic jets, (2) underexpanded jets, (3) hydrogen diffusion behavior, (4) hazard reduction methods for confined and free spaces, (5) four types of widely used hydrogen detection technologies, and (6) the application of hydrogen leakage diagnostic methods in different systems. An insight of the review is that research on hydrogen leakage related to FCVs and HRSs should be combined with the relevant realistic characteristics. The characteristics of hydrogen jets generated in real gaps are discussed, and hazard reduction methods are proposed based on the characteristics of hydrogen diffusion in different confined and free spaces. It is suggested that, in order to integrate and evaluate multiple sensor data points and more accurately determine the leakage location and the leakage level, artificial intelligence technologies could be introduced to resolve the issues encountered currently.

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Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Hu,

Gao,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…LaFleur et al [21] calculated risk values for developing riskequivalent designs and documented the performance-based process by HyRAM. Xing et al [22] used HyRAM to analyze the high-risk unit for urban hydrogen refueling stations and determine the fatality zone, flammable area and safe distances. Park et al [23] studied accidents at hydrogen refueling stations and analyzed individual and societal risks using the HyRAM software.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of jet spreading and flame hazard distances for high pressure hydrogen releases

Guo,

Song,

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Hydrogen is a promising clean and sustainable energy carrier. Hydrogen is usually stored at high pressure due to its low density. Hydrogen releases from high pressure storage can result in underexpanded jets that will mix with air, forming a large combustible cloud. If the jets are ignited, jet flames will form with a large hazard area. This study simulated hydrogen jets and jet flames for storage pressures of 1~70 MPa and nozzle diameters of 1~2 mm using the HyRAM software. The results show that the jet diffusion distance increased with the hydrogen stagnation pressure and the nozzle diameter. The diffusion distances were correlated with the nozzle diameter and the hydrogen stagnation pressure. The jet flames and thermal radiations were then analyzed to show that the flame length and hazard distance both increased with the stagnation pressure and nozzle diameter. Correlations for radiation major harm distance, harm distance and no harm distance were developed to predict the jet flame hazard range. The present study can provide references for the safety design of hydrogen applications.

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“…Another research conducted by Yuxuan Xing (2022) introduced the all-Process Hydrogen Accident Risk Assessment (PHARA) model. This model integrates event tree analysis, intuitionistic fuzzy logic, Bayesian network analysis, HyRAM, and the Probit model 22 . In their study, Haktanır and Kahraman (2024) introduced an innovative approach, combining the intuitionistic reliability function with the decision maker's judgment through a new intuitionistic Z-AHP & Z-TOPSIS methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated Z-number and intuitionistic fuzzy sets for considering uncertainty in the risk assessment using the SHIPP methodology

Aliabadi,

Abbassi,

Moshiran

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Uncertainty presents a challenge in assessing risks, often resulting in outcomes that diverge from reality. System Hazard Identification, Prediction and Prevention (SHIPP), as one of the emerging risk assessment methods, aims to predict and effectively prevent accidents. This study aims to enhance the prediction potential of the SHIPP method by reducing uncertainty by combining Z-numbers and intuitionistic fuzzy logic. The experts' opinions and confidence levels regarding the prior probability of basic events (BEs) were measured using Intuitionistic Z-numbers (IZN). Subsequently, the SHIPP method utilized the obtained results and the actual data on unusual events in the industry to determine the posterior probability of barrier failure and consequences. The practical application of the developed methodology was demonstrated by selecting spherical tanks containing LPG. The results indicated that employing IZN to estimate the prior probability of BEs reduces uncertainty in determining the posterior probability of barrier failure and subsequent consequences. Consequently, enhancing the predictive accuracy of the SHIPP method in estimating the likelihood of unusual events will significantly improve the quality of risk management.

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All-process risk modelling of typical accidents in urban hydrogen refueling stations

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Modeling of jet spreading and flame hazard distances for high pressure hydrogen releases

An integrated Z-number and intuitionistic fuzzy sets for considering uncertainty in the risk assessment using the SHIPP methodology

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