All Roads Lead to Beijing: Systemism, Power Transition Theory and the Belt and Road Initiative

Zhang, Enyu; James, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s41111-022-00211-x

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, purposeful cultural modifications carried on by elite lobbying during Time 2 prevent adaptation [16]. By increasing the domestic political costs of reorienting grand strategy to unacceptable levels and by instilling the elite community with full strategic images and conceptions, strategic culture constrains elites by reorienting individuals and bureaucracies toward the attainment of specific goals, effectively removing desirable policy options from consideration [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The U.S.-China Power Shift Which Side Should Operate More Conservatively to Achieve a Peaceful Power Transfer?

Wang

2023

LNEP

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The world is witnessing the rise of China as a global power and its increasing influence, which have led to a reconfiguration of the international order and have challenged the long-standing US hegemony. The intensifying competition between these two global powers raises concerns about tense security conflicts affecting the stability of the international system. The dynamics between the United States and China have reached a critical juncture, and questions about the nature and implications of the possible future power shift between the two states have become increasingly pertinent. Engaging in discussing the classic topic in international relations - - power transitions, this paper explores which side should adopt a more conservative approach between the US and China to ensure a peaceful power transition. Drawing from historical precedents and the current global landscape, the analysis delves into the potential benefits and challenges of various strategies pursued by both nations. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each sides approaches, this study aims to shed light on the pathways that can lead to a harmonious transition of power between the United States and China, emphasizing the importance of constructive dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding. Ultimately, this paper offers insights contributing to the ongoing discussion on managing the U.S.-China power shift to maintain global peace and stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The U.S.-China Power Shift Which Side Should Operate More Conservatively to Achieve a Peaceful Power Transfer?

Wang

2023

LNEP

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“…The expansive scope of BRI's economic vision points to a military implication for the PRC in the need to expand its security responsibilities and footprint beyond its territory. It may generate power transition dynamics in the security realm and raise the risk of regional war (Zhang & James, 2023).…”

Section: The Bri Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confrontation : The BRI represents a significant challenge to the established Anglo-American liberal world order and economic hegemony in various ways. By actively promoting economic connectivity and expanding its global footprint, the BRI has become a catalyst for the PRC’s endeavors to enhance its economic influence and close the financial gaps with the United States, particularly as the dominant power in East Asia and beyond (Cau, 2018; Zhang & James, 2023). To alter the existing liberal world order, China is taking concrete steps, working concomitantly and determination with multiple approaches: it has been promoting BRI; it is trying to establish a network of partnerships to advance its vision, and it is working on expanding its global institutional power, both within existing institutions and through the creation of China-led platforms (Rolland, 2020).…”

Section: Us-china Strategic Rivalry In the Middle Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current political landscape, the two dominant powers increasingly view each other through a zero-sum lens (McFaul, 2019). China’s perceived gains, actual or potential, from initiatives like the BRI, are often interpreted by the United States as losses or indications of Washington’s further decline from its dominant position (Zhang & James, 2023). Furthermore, China has a comprehensive grand strategy to advance its interests through the BRI.…”

Section: Us-china Strategic Rivalry In the Middle Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The US-China Rivalry in the Middle East: Confrontation or Competitive Coexistence

Chaziza

2024

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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A new era of great power rivalry has returned to the center of the global stage. The Middle East has emerged as one of the key arenas where this rivalry is being played out, and analyzing it through the lens of power transition theory provides valuable insights into the dynamics at play. This study focuses on the great power rivalry between the United States and China in the Middle East through the lens of power transition theory. It examines whether this great power rivalry in the region will allow them to pursue competitive coexistence or if they can expect increasing levels of confrontation and mutual deterrence. The study maintains that the US-China rivalry in the Middle East is multidimensional and spans primarily three dimensions: geo-economic (the Belt and Road Initiative framework), geopolitical (partnership diplomacy), and the race for technological supremacy (the Digital Silk Road). While conflict is not inevitable, it is essential to recognize the potential for confrontation and build a coordinated mechanism to manage and mitigate these tensions.

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“…Australia is an exception here because of its geographical proximity to China and historical enmity-amity relations with China and Western powers, respectively. Moreover, China has largely sought interdependency in supplies with other countries but also created new interdependencies in technological development and supremacy (Zhang and James 2022 ; Soligen 2021 ). Such a contemporary focus on China reflects its growing market dominance, which could create new conflicts in the future as generating challenges to existing global rules (Jones 2020 ) under the debate of alternative order (Eun 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China and Lithium Geopolitics in a Changing Global Market

Altiparmak

2022

Chin. Polit. Sci. Rev.

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The energy market is shifting from fossil fuels to renewables. This transition is creating new geopolitical dynamics. In the past, traditional energy geopolitics focused on the concentrated distribution of fossil fuel resources and the conflicts and dependencies that this created. In contrast, the ‘new’ renewable energy geopolitics emphasises the dispersed distribution or decentralisation of production capacity and the independence of states this generates. However, the market for lithium, which is essential to renewable energy storage through being a key component of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, does not entirely fit theoretical conceptions of the renewable energy market’s dynamics. By focusing on China as a critical case, this article shows that lithium geopolitics has potentially created new (inter)dependencies and opportunities for conflicts, while also paradoxically enhancing state interindependence in renewable technology energy production. Thus, this hybrid form of energy geopolitics necessitates revising conventional energy security explanations to match these new market conditions.

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All Roads Lead to Beijing: Systemism, Power Transition Theory and the Belt and Road Initiative

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

The U.S.-China Power Shift Which Side Should Operate More Conservatively to Achieve a Peaceful Power Transfer?

The U.S.-China Power Shift Which Side Should Operate More Conservatively to Achieve a Peaceful Power Transfer?

The US-China Rivalry in the Middle East: Confrontation or Competitive Coexistence

China and Lithium Geopolitics in a Changing Global Market

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