All-season detection of Satsuma dwarf virus using an immunochromatographic assay kit.

Abstract

IWANAMI, T. 7 (2014). All-season detection of Satsuma dwarf virus using an immunochromatographic assay kit. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 80: 222-228.Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) causes serious damage to citrus production by reducing the quality and yield of fruit. SDV in young shoots of citrus trees is usually detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, such tests can only be performed during several weeks in the spring and are time-consuming. To overcome these issues, we developed an all-season, rapid detection method using an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) kit. The results obtained using this system showed that petals, stigmas, and ovaries sampled from SDV-infected plants during the spring gave positive results that were comparable to those obtained using shoots. In the summer and autumn, the virus was detected from the flavedo of fruits of SDV-infected plants at a high frequency and more frequently detected in the flavedo of fruits from inside the tree crown than in fruits from the exterior of the crown. In the winter, flavedo from fruits stored at ambient temperature for 3 months also tested positive. The frequency of detection was sometimes lower in fruits obtained in the summer or stored at ambient temperature for 1-3 months. We therefore recommend that more samples should be taken from fruits for SDV diagnosis using ICA. SDV diagnosis of citrus scions in the winter is more effective using young leaves and flower buds that have been sprouted by soaking the cut shoot under controlled conditions such as a growth chamber at approximately 27°C. These results showed that all-season diagnosis of SDV is feasible using samples from young shoots, flower buds, fruits in the summer, stored fruits in the winter, and from samples sprouted from scions during the winter.

Distribution and infection rate of satsuma dwarf virus in Mie Prefecture, Japan

“…The appearance of the control line and the test lines indicated a positive result (Kato et al, 2014;Kusano et al, 2007).…”

“…We collected the shoots from citrus trees exhibiting symptoms of satsuma dwarf disease, such as leaf atrophy and loss of vigor. If shoots could not be collected, we followed the method of Kato et al (2014) and tested the flavedo of the fruit.…”

Major Citrus Viruses in Japan

“…One drawback of ELISA is the need for expensive equipment (e.g., microplate reader), many reagents, time, and skilled technicians, where, in contrast, an immunochromatography test is very simple and can be performed by anyone, including nursery workers and farmers. An immunochromatography test kit for SDV, remarkably enabling the all-season diagnosis of SDV using young shoots and flower buds in the spring, fruit rinds in the summer and autumn, and the rinds of stored fruit and sprouts from scions in the winter (Kato et al 2014), was developed (Kusano et al 2007, Iwanami 2010 and used for detecting the virus under field conditions (Kato et al 2014). Furthermore, a recent report suggested that the immunochromatography test kit for SDV is more suitable for large-scale diagnoses than a DAS-ELISA (Kato et al 2020).…”

Distribution and Soil Transmission of Satsuma Dwarf Virus Strains in Mie Prefecture, Japan

“…We collected the shoots of citrus trees that showed symptoms of satsuma dwarf disease, such as leaf atrophy and loss of vigor. When shoots could not be collected, we followed the method of Kato et al (2014) and tested the avedo of fruit.…”