Alleles of sAAT‐1,2* isoloci in brown trout: potential diagnostic marker for tracking routes of post‐glacial colonization in northern Europe

Abstract

Distribution alleles of sAAT-1,2* isoloci in brown trout Salmo trutta populations of northern Europe revealed two glacial refugia, ' Baltic ' and ' Atlantic '.

Northern and Southern expansions of Atlantic brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations during the Pleistocene

“…The mixed distribution of clades 3-1 and 3-2 in brown trout populations of northern Europe would be in agreement with a dual colonization model after the last glaciation, as proposed by Hamilton et al (1989) and Makhrov et al (2002) with allozymes. However, the scenario depicted with the mtDNA control region haplotypes did not parallel the situation proposed on the basis of LDH-C* (Hamilton et al, 1989) and sAAT-1,2* (Makhrov et al, 2002) loci, where fixation of distinct alleles traced the location of an eastern and a western refugia during the last glacial peak.…”

“…However, the scenario depicted with the mtDNA control region haplotypes did not parallel the situation proposed on the basis of LDH-C* (Hamilton et al, 1989) and sAAT-1,2* (Makhrov et al, 2002) loci, where fixation of distinct alleles traced the location of an eastern and a western refugia during the last glacial peak. Combined information from NCA and mismatch analyses provides support for a population expansion for both clades long before the end of the last glacial stage and points to the pre-existence of secondary contacts between these major mitochondrial clades before the last North European recolonization (Table 3).…”

“…However, Weiss et al (2000) dismissed the contribution of the Iberian populations to the post-glacial colonization because the haplotypes found in Portuguese rivers were absent in postglacial colonized areas (Weiss et al, 2000;Suárez et al, 2001), and located the glacial refugia northwards of the Iberian Peninsula. Proposed putative glacial refugia in the margins of the ice sheet included a western refugium (Hamilton et al, 1989;Osinov & Bernatchez, 1996;García-Marín et al, 1999;Bernatchez, 2001), an eastern refugium (Osinov & Bernatchez, 1996;Bernatchez, 2001;Makhrov, Skaala & Altukhov, 2002), and a third one in central Europe (Weiss et al, 2001;Duftner et al, 2003).…”