Allelic variation of vernalization and photoperiod response genes in a diverse set of North American high latitude winter wheat genotypes

Whittal, Alexander; Kaviani, Mina; Graf, R. J.; Humphreys, Gavin; Navabi, Alireza

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203068

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Dominant alleles at these loci lead to a spring type growth habit (the transition to the generative phase in such plants occurs without exposure to low positive temperatures) and contain mutations in the promoter and/or the 1st intron relative to alleles of the wild type [ 33 – 36 ]. In regions with cold climates, including Western and Eastern Siberia, for spring wheat with dominant alleles associated with a spring habit ( Vrn-A1a in combination with Vrn-B1a or Vrn-B1c ), this combination allows the plant to complete its lifecycle after a relatively short vegetative period and escape autumn frosts [ 37 – 39 ]. For southern latitudes, varieties with one allele of Vrn-B1a or Vrn-D1a can have a definite advantage, as they ripen later, and a longer vegetative period can provide higher yields [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rht17 in combination with Vrn-B1 and Ppd-D1 alleles on agronomic traits in wheat in black earth and non-black earth regions

et al. 2020

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Background Plant height is an important wheat trait that is regulated by multiple genes, among which Rht is of the utmost value. In wheat, Rht-B1p (=Rht17) is a mutant allele of the Rht gene that encodes for a DELLA-protein and results in the development of gibberellin-insensitive plants with a dwarfing phenotype. The pleiotropic effects of dwarfing genes on yield are highly dependent on both the genetic background and the environmental conditions. In Russia, the Central Non-Black Earth Region and Krasnodar Krai are two economically important regions that require differing management for sustainable wheat production for food, feed and industry. The purpose of our study was to compare the pleiotropic effects of Rht-B1p on the main valuable agronomic traits in the F3:4 families of the spring bread wheat Chris Mutant/Novosibirskaya 67 in the genetic background of Vrn-B1a/vrn-B1 (spring/winter phenotype) and Ppd-D1a/Ppd-D1b (insensitivity/sensitivity to photoperiod) alleles in a field experiment in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai. Results Plant height was reduced on average by 21 cm (28%) and 25 cm (30%), respectively; Ppd-D1a slightly strengthened the dwarfing effect in Moscow and mitigated it in Krasnodar Krai. Grain weight of the main spike was reduced by Rht-B1p in Moscow and to lesser extent in Krasnodar; Ppd-D1a and Vrn-B1a tended to partially compensate for this loss in Krasnodar Krai. Thousand grain weight was reduced on average by 5.3 g (16%) and 2.9 g (10%) in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai, respectively, but was partially compensated for by Ppd-D1a in Krasnodar Krai. Harvest index was increased due to Rht-B1p by 6 and 10% in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai, respectively. Rht-B1p resulted in a delay of heading by 1–2 days in Moscow. Ppd-D1a accelerated heading by 1 day and 6 days in Moscow and in Krasnodar Krai, respectively. Conclusions Rht-B1p could be introduced into wheat breeding along with dwarfing genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b. Special attention should be paid to its combination with Ppd-D1a and Vrn-B1a as regulators of developmental rates, compensators of adverse effects of Rht-B1p on productivity and enhancers of positive effect of Rht-B1p on harvest index.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rht17 in combination with Vrn-B1 and Ppd-D1 alleles on agronomic traits in wheat in black earth and non-black earth regions

et al. 2020

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“…We are currently developing germplasm to test the effect of the additional missense mutations on senescence in field trials. It is known that allelic variation within populations can account for variable success across environments [39–41]. Indeed, previous studies of natural variants in NAM-A1 identified a missense mutation (haplotype NAM-A1c) which was associated with an intermediate grain protein content phenotype between the wild-type allele and a third haplotype containing the missense mutation in tandem with a frame-shift mutation in the C-terminal domain [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence

et al. 2019

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Background NAC transcription factors contain five highly conserved subdomains which are required for protein dimerisation and DNA binding. Few residues within these subdomains have been identified as essential for protein function, and fewer still have been shown to be of biological relevance in planta. Here we use a positive regulator of senescence in wheat, NAM-A1, to test the impact of missense mutations at specific, highly conserved residues of the NAC domain on protein function. Results We identified missense mutations in five highly conserved residues of the NAC domain of NAM-A1 in a tetraploid TILLING population. TILLING lines containing these mutations, alongside synonymous and non-conserved mutation controls, were grown under glasshouse conditions and scored for senescence. Four of the five mutations showed a significant and consistent delay in peduncle senescence but had no consistent effects on flag leaf senescence. All four mutant alleles with the delayed senescence phenotype also lost the ability to interact with the homoeolog NAM-B1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these residues were previously shown to be involved in NAC domain function in Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of residue function between species. Three of these four alleles led to an attenuated cell death response compared to wild-type NAM-A1 when transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. One of these mutations was further tested under field conditions, in which there was a significant and consistent delay in both peduncle and leaf senescence. Conclusions We combined field and glasshouse studies of a series of mutant alleles with biochemical analyses to identify four residues of the NAC domain which are required for NAM-A1 function and protein interaction. We show that mutations in these residues lead to a gradient of phenotypes, raising the possibility of developing allelic series of mutations for traits of agronomic importance. We also show that mutations in NAM-A1 more severely impact peduncle senescence, compared to the more commonly studied flag leaf senescence, highlighting this as an area deserving of further study. The results from this integrated approach provide strong evidence that conserved residues within the functional domains of NAC transcription factors have biological significance in planta.

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“…As such, they can be used to identify broad differences in cultivar LT tolerance genetic potential. These indicators can be as simple as LT 50 determinations on field acclimated plants sown on the optimum date in the autumn (Fowler, Gusta, & Tyler, 1981) to molecular markers for major developmental and LT tolerance genes (see references in Fowler, N'Diaye, Laudencia‐Chingcuanco, & Pozniak, 2016; Kippes et al., 2018; Whittal, Kaviani, Graf, Humphreys, & Navabi, 2018). However, LT acclimation and vernalization analyses for these indicators have revealed significant unexplained variability suggesting there are large number of additional small effect genes involved in the regulation of critical metabolic pathways and cellular processes (Laudencia‐Chingcuanco et al., 2011).…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling winter survival in cereals: An interactive tool

Byrns

Greer²,

Fowler

2020

Crop Science

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An interactive web‐based model (https://norstar.usask.ca/survivalmodel) that simulates winter survival in cereals has been developed for use by farmers, extension workers, plant breeders, and researchers. Consistent with our current understanding of low‐temperature (LT) gene regulation, the model is based on a series of equations describing phenological development, acclimation, dehardening, and damage due to LT stress. Low‐temperature tolerance is estimated on a daily basis relative to crown temperature, stage of phenological development, and cultivar LT tolerance potential. Acclimation proceeds until the start of the reproductive growth stage, which becomes a critical developmental switch that initiates the downregulation of LT tolerance gene expression. Environmental data can be uploaded and model input parameters revised to allow for simulation of genotypic differences and environmental conditions of special interest to users. Because the model is fully interactive, it can be used as a teaching tool that allows production risks, cause‐and‐effect processes, and genetic theories to be systematically investigated. In addition to encouraging more widespread use of the model, opening access to interested researchers will serve as a means of additional testing and validation allowing further refinements to be made. This will hopefully lead to increased prediction accuracy over a wider range of environmental conditions and a better understanding of the dynamic interactions involved in over‐winter survival of winter annual crops.

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Allelic variation of vernalization and photoperiod response genes in a diverse set of North American high latitude winter wheat genotypes

Cited by 48 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Rht17 in combination with Vrn-B1 and Ppd-D1 alleles on agronomic traits in wheat in black earth and non-black earth regions

Effects of Rht17 in combination with Vrn-B1 and Ppd-D1 alleles on agronomic traits in wheat in black earth and non-black earth regions

Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence

Modeling winter survival in cereals: An interactive tool

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