Allelochemicals of Panax notoginseng and their effects on various plants and rhizosphere microorganisms

Abstract

Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) is an important ginseng herb with various health benefits and a history of cultivation in southwestern China over 400 years. In recent years P. notoginseng has faced serious continuous-cropping obstacles due to its large-scale cultivation. In this study, we aim to explore the allelochemicals of P. notoginseng and their interactions with various plants and rhizosphere microorganisms. The chemical constituents of the soil cultivated with 3-year-old P. notoginseng were studied by column chromatography, spectroscopic and GC-MS analyses. We identified 13 volatile components and isolated six triterpenes ( 1 – 4 , 6 – 7 ) and one anthraquinone ( 5 ). Compounds 1 – 7 were tested for their effects on seed germination and root elongation in P. notoginseng , corn, wheat, turnip, water spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana . We also examined the effect of compounds 1 – 7 on the growth of ten rhizosphere microorganisms of P. notoginseng . At a concentration of 1.0 μg mL −1 , compounds 3 and 5 – 7 caused the death of P. notoginseng root cells and compounds 2 , 6 and 7 induced the death of root cells of A. thaliana . Compounds 1 – 5 and 7 inhibited elongation of A. thaliana root tip cells at a concentration of 10.0 μg mL −1 . Moreover, at a concentration of 0.1 mg mL −1 , compounds 3 , 4 , 6 and 7 inhibited the growth of probiotics and promoted the growth of pathogens of P. notoginseng . These results suggest that these isolated ursane-type triterpenoid acids and anthraquinone are potential allelochemicals that contribute to continuous-cropping obstacles of P. notoginseng .

Interactions Between Phenolic Acids and Microorganisms in Rhizospheric Soil From Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

“…The growth cycle of P. notoginseng is generally 3 years or more, and the cultivation process requires large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides, which lead to the deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, an imbalance of nutrients and microbial communities, and allelopathy and autotoxicity; collectively, these ailments are commonly known as the continuous cropping soil sickness of P. notoginseng ( Tan et al, 2017 ). Due to the increasing demand for P. notoginseng in recent years, large-scale intensive planting has made continuous cropping soil sickness increasingly serious, which strongly affects the quality and yield of P. notoginseng ( Yang et al, 2016 ; Qiao et al, 2020 ).…”

Reduction of Weed Growth under the Influence of Extracts and Metabolites Isolated from Miconia spp.

“…These modifications can cause changes in cellular respiration, photosynthetic reactions and redox reactions and consequently decrease seedling growth by affecting cellular homeostasis [ 67 , 68 ]. This decrease is often related to the drop in root cell viability [ 69 ]. The darkening and the occurrence of necrosis are directly related to the loss of viability of cells that are part of the organ.…”

Yunyao Qilongtian alleviates the progression of COPD by regulating HMGB1 and inhibiting AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway induced mitophagy

“…As a precious traditional Chinese medicine, Panax notoginseng has been used for more than 400 years. Its main active ingredients are saponins, avonoids, polysaccharides and fatty acids, which can be used to treat many diseases [46,47] . Rhodiola is a traditional herb commonly used in Europe and Asia.…”