Allelopathic potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Lehle, Fredric R.; Putnam, A. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00982224

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Application of the AWEs decreased the leaf MDA contents and RMP owing to the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenolics (Einhellig, Rasmussen, Hejl, & Souza, 1993;Einhellig & Souza, 1992;Lehle & Putnam, 1983), ascorbate and brassinolide (present in brassica) , which act as protective agent against the abiotic stresses. The accumulation of FLP was also strongly positively correlated with yield-related traits and the grain yield of wheat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

Farooq

Nadeem

Arfat

et al. 2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

Farooq

Nadeem

Arfat

et al. 2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Sorghum species produce cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, several flavonoids, and phenolic acids such as ferulic, /?-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, and (116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124)(125). Recent evidence has added root exudate /7-benzoquinones, known as sorgoleone, to the chemicals causing Sorghum allelopathy (126)(127).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Sorghum Allelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy

Einhellig

1994

ACS Symposium Series

214

170

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The primary mode of action has not been established for any allelopathic compound, albeit some physiological actions are known. The array of compounds cuts across many chemical classes, and it is unlikely they have a common mechanism of action. Allelochemicals active against higher plants are typically characterized as suppressing seed germination, causing injury to root growth and other meristems, or inhibiting seedling growth.A primary action on ATP production is indicated for the two quinones, juglone and sorgoleone, since they inhibit chloroplast oxygen evolution (I 50 = 0.2 and 2.0 μM respectively) and strongly affect mitochondrial functions.The chloroplast block by sorgoleone is in the photosystem II complex. Cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives alter membrane potential and have several physiological effects that suggest membrane perturbations are their initial site of action. Their thresholds (100 to 1000 μM) for inhibition of seedling growth, singly or in combinations, correlate with impairment of plant-water relationships. These phenolic compounds also alter mineral uptake, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, carbon flow, and phytohormone activity. Phytotoxicity of many allelopathic chemicals may be from a generalized cellular disruption rather than a specific mechanism. A case study of Sorghum allelopathy suggests that inhibition of a receiving species results from the joint action of a number of allelochemicals with different cellular sites of action.Efforts to explain the phenomenon of allelopathy are ultimately challenged to identify the site, or sites, of action of the chemicals involved. However, this lofty goal has seldom come to fruition (1). Success has been greatest in localizing the subcellular target of activity for certain antibiotics and other microbial toxins (2-4).

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“…The inhibition of cress by the aqueous ragweed extracts was the only significant effect observed in our assays using cress seed which is considered sensitive enough for use in cumulative seed germination assays (26,27). In these ragweed extract assays the seed appeared to hydrate normally, but no radicle protrusion was observed in the 1:10 extract.…”

Section: Ragweed Extractsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Germination Regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Bradow

1985

ACS Symposium Series

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An apparent allelopathic interference having been observed in which residues of Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats., inhibited the growth of onion, carrot and Palmer amaranth itself, aqueous and organic solvent extracts of amaranth plant parts were made and used to investigate the growth regulatory activity of the chemical constituents of this amaranth species. The resultant crude extracts, as well as isolated and identified chemical compounds, were assayed in vitro as germination regulators, by using both crop and weed seeds. Some crude organic solvent extracts proved inhibitory, but inhibitions of onion, Palmer amaranth, and carrot germination did not result from the same extracts or compounds. Four compounds have been isolated from Palmer amaranth: 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, vanillin, phytol, and chondrillasterol. All showed biological activity, to varying degrees, in seed germination bioassays.Parallel studies of extracts and mixtures of compounds isolated from ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., were also made. Water extracts of ragweed proved highly inhibitory of seed germination. Mixed sesquiterpenes isolated from ragweed were very inhibitory of onion, oat, ryegrass, and Palmer amaranth germination when applied in a dichloromethane solution pretreatment.Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats., Palmer amaranth, is a coarse, weedy, drought-resistant, dioecious member of the Amaranthaceae and is related to A. retroflexus L., redroot pigweed, and the ornamentals _A. tricolor L., summer poinsettia, and /\. caudatus L., love-liesbleeding. Palmer amaranth was used by natives of the North American desert as a protein source and cereal to supplement maize and beans. Another member of the same family, k. spinosus L., spiny amaranth, has been reported to exhibit allelopathic activity toward coffee This chapter not subject to U.S.In The Chemistry of Allelopathy; Thompson, Alonzo C.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1985. 286 THE CHEMISTRY OF ALLELOPATHY (_1); and Dr. R. M. Menges, USDA, Weslaco, TX, has observed that Palmer amaranth residues plowed into fields later inhibit the growth of onion, carrot, and Palmer amaranth itself (see Menges, this publi cation). The reports from Texas prompted the formation of an inter disciplinary (and multi-site) group to investigate the apparent allelopathic activity of Palmer amaranth.Dr. Ν. H. Fischer, and his group at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, were already investigating the secondary metabolites of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., common ragweed.Although the group itself had no field observations to indicate allelopathic interference by A. artemisi ifolia, a tropical ragweed species, A. cumanensis HBK, has been shown to have allelopathic potential (2jT and western ragweed, A. psilostachya DC, has been found to be inhibitory in laboratory seed germination tests (3) and appears to have a role in old-fields succession (4J.Common ragweed itself is reported to exert allelo pathic effects in the first steps of secondary succession (j>). Field...

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Allelopathic potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy

Germination Regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisiifolia

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