Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol *1II. Ragweed-pollen determinants in submicronic atmospheric fractions

Habenicht, Herald A.; Burge, Harriet A.; Muilenberg, Michael L.; Solomon, William R.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(84)90088-5

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results obtained provide an explanation for the mode of generation of allergens carried by atmospheric aerosols previously observed by others [1,5,20].…”

Section: Effect Of Extracts Of Airborne Particulate Matter On Grass Psupporting

confidence: 52%

Allergens and Pollutants in the Air — A Complex Interaction

Behrendt

Friedrich

Kainka-Stänicke

et al. 1991

New Trends in Allergy III

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Air pollution is supposed to enhance the risk of allergy. Investigations of the influence of environmental pollutants on allergic inflammatory reactions are therefore of increasing importance. Pollen grains which are the major source or outdoor aeroallergens are said to probably express an altered allergenicity when emitted into a polluted air. We investigated the behavior of pollen grains which had been collected from four differently polluted regions in North Rhine-Westphalia, FRG. Samples were taken with Burkhard traps and/or high volume samplers. In addition, native grass pollen have been exposed to extracts of airborne particulate matter in vitro in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The samples were further processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as for determination of protein content and release using IEF and SDS-PAGE immunoblot techniques.The results obtained show that (1) there is an overall higher concentration of pollen grains in polluted urban areas than in rural regions, independent of weather conditions; (2) emission peaks of S02, N0 2 /NO x or atmospheric fine dust, but not of 0 3 , usually precede peaks of high pollen concentrations; (3) pollen grains collected from highly polluted regions are significantly more contaminated with agglomerations of airborne particulates, and the intensity of pollen/particle binding depends on amount and composition of organic compounds adsorbed to the particle; and (4) incubation of purified grass pollen with extracts of atmospheric fine dust results in dose-and time-dependent alterations of structural pollen integrity and of protein release, probably leading to altered allergenicity.The results indicate that there is a complex interaction between pollen grains and air pollutants, not only with respect to daily emission peaks but also through direct binding of particulate matter to the pollen surface. Therefore, dust-laden pollen grains from heavily polluted areas can induce cytotoxic and mutagenic reactions in addition to sensitization. This fact has to be taken into account when assessing influences of air pollution on allergic inflammatory response.

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“…The results obtained provide an explanation for the mode of generation of allergens carried by atmospheric aerosols previously observed by others [1,5,20].…”

Section: Effect Of Extracts Of Airborne Particulate Matter On Grass Psupporting

confidence: 52%

Allergens and Pollutants in the Air — A Complex Interaction

Behrendt

Friedrich

Kainka-Stänicke

et al. 1991

New Trends in Allergy III

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“…[267][268][269] Pollen counts are generally highest on sunny, windy days with low humidity. Because the interplay of different weather factors (eg, wind, temperature, rain, and humidity) is complex, it may not be possible reliably to predict levels of outdoor aeroallergens on the basis of the influence of a single weather factor.…”

Section: Pollens [Summary Statements 53 54]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: An updated practice parameter

Wallace¹,

Dykewicz²,

Bernstein³

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

950

953

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“…For grass pollen, micronic particles have been detected in the atmosphere of European and Australian cities during the grass pollen season (Stewart and Holt 1985;Paggiaro et al, 1990;Suphioglu et al, 1992). Similarly, micronic particles containing ragweed allergens (Busse et al 1972;Habenicht et al 1984), oak (Fernandez-Caldas et al, 1989) and birch allergens (Rantio-Lehtimaki, 1994) exist in aerosol fractions smaller than intact pollen grains. Micronic particles have been detected using different kinds of air samplers and evaluation of particle size distribution (Agarwal et al, 1981;Solomon et al, 1983;Stewart and Holt, 1985;Jensen et al, 1989;.…”

Section: Allergens Particle Size and Site Of Deposition In The Respimentioning

confidence: 95%

Aeroallergens of plant origin: Molecular basis and aerobiological significance

1995

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This review presents an update on the sources and molecular basis of aeroallergens of plants, derived from pollen, seeds, leaf and stem detritus and their protein molecules. These aeroallergens are a natural component of the atmosphere, either because of their natural function or human activity. Pollen is a source of allergens within the 10-200 #m size range, and while most allergenic pollen types account for only 20-30~ of total annual pollen catch, during their flowering season, they are usually the dominant type. Tree pollen commences the season in winter, with birch pollen counts in Scandinavia being the highest daily pollen counts yet reported and a major allergen, a 14-kDa protein, which is similar to pathogenesis-related proteins. Grass pollen follows in spring, and is unique as its two immunodominant allergens, a 35-kDa glycoprotein and 28-32-kDa protein, are in different cellular sites: the cytosol and surface of pollen grains; and in intracellular starch granules. The allergens at the pollen surface are not inhalable and can interact only with the eyes, nasal and oral cavities. Starch granules are released to the atmospheric aerosol when grains rupture in rainwater. These are a major source of allergen-containing micronic particles, which are important because they are inhalable. At the same time, allergen molecules are present in the aerosol, and these can bind to soot particles, and so be respired deep into the airways. The major Japanese cedar pollen allergen has been detected both within the pollen and in orbicules; particles less than 1 tLm that line the anther cavity and can be released into the air when dehiscence occurs. Ragweed is the major cause of late summer hayfever in eastern North America, where its pollen accounts for up to 41% of the annual pollen catch. It is a major source of aeroallergens in both respirable and non-respirable size ranges. As a result of human activity, dusts derived from seeds and cereal grains during transport, storage and milling provide a source of micronic particles, containing potent allergens that can trigger allergic disease.

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Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol *1II. Ragweed-pollen determinants in submicronic atmospheric fractions

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Allergens and Pollutants in the Air — A Complex Interaction

Allergens and Pollutants in the Air — A Complex Interaction

The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: An updated practice parameter

Aeroallergens of plant origin: Molecular basis and aerobiological significance

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