Allergen detection from 11 fungal species before and after germination

Green, Brett James; Mitakakis, Teresa; Tovey, Euan R.

doi:10.1067/mai.2003.57

Cited by 145 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Mitakakis et al (2001), who studied the allergen release from individual Alternaria spores utilizing the Halogen immunoassay method, reported that more Alternaria allergen released from germinated spores. In addition, Green et al (2003) detected allergen from 11 fungal species before and after germination and found that germination of spores increased the allergen level significantly. It suggests that live spores may have a greater potential to evoke inflammatory diseases than dead spores when they are deposited in the respiratory tract.…”

Section: Culturabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viable fungi can induce infectious disease in immunocompromised individuals (Burge, 2001;Eduard, 2003). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that spores release allergens during their germination (Mitakakis et al, 2001;Green et al, 2003). Thus, viable fungal spores may release more allergens than dead ones after deposition in the respiratory system (Sercombe et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culturability and concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in six single-family homes

Lee

Grinshpun

Martuzevičius

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

136

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In this study, the culturability of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi was determined through longterm sampling (24-h) using a Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Sampler. The air samples were collected during three seasons in six Cincinnati area homes that were free from moisture damage or visible mold. Cultivation and total microscopic enumeration methods were employed for the sample analysis. The geometric means of indoor and outdoor culturable fungal concentrations were 88 and 102 colony-forming units (CFU) m -3 , respectively, with a geometric mean of the I/O ratio equal to 0.66. Overall, 26 genera of culturable fungi were recovered from the indoor and outdoor samples. For total fungal spores, the indoor and outdoor geometric means were 211 and 605 spores m -3 , respectively, with a geometric mean of I/O ratio equal to 0.32. The identification revealed 37 fungal genera from indoor and outdoor samples based on the total spore analysis. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of culturable and total fungal spores showed significant correlations (r = 0.655, p<0.0001 and r = 0.633, p<0.0001, respectively). The indoor and outdoor median viabilities of fungi were 55% and 25%, respectively, which indicates that indoor environment provides more favorable survival conditions for the aerosolized fungi. Among the seasons, the highest indoor and outdoor culturability of fungi was observed in the fall. Cladosporium had a highest median value of culturability (38% and 33% for indoor and outdoor, respectively) followed by Aspergillus/ Penicillium (9% and 2%) among predominant genera of fungi. Increased culturability of fungi inside the homes may have important implications because of the potential increase in the release of allergens from viable spores and pathogenicity of viable fungi on immunocompromised individuals.

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Section: Culturabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturability and concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in six single-family homes

Lee

Grinshpun

Martuzevičius

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

136

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“…15,16 Although spores are considered primary sources of fungal allergens, 17 allergens and other biologically active molecules derived from fungi can be transported by means other than intact spores (eg, hyphael fragments, fragmented spores, and dust particles). 1,18,19 For example, allergens can be released along the entire length of the hyphael tube in A alternata. 18 Moreover, allergen content in spores may vary depending on environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1,18,19 For example, allergens can be released along the entire length of the hyphael tube in A alternata. 18 Moreover, allergen content in spores may vary depending on environmental conditions. 18,20 The complex nature of the exposure has hampered development of more sophisticated measuring techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Alternaria alternata in US homes is associated with asthma symptoms

Salo

Arbes

Sever

et al. 2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

208

135

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“…Furthermore, increased allergen production during spore 95 germination has been demonstrated (Green et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2006;Mitakakis 96 et al, 2001; cause allergic reactions such as Aspergillus (Gravesen et al, 1999;Patterson and 100 Strek, 2010; Shen et al, 2007), Penicillium (Gravesen et al, 1999;Shen et al, 101 2007), Ulocladium (Gravesen et al, 1999;Kaur et al, 2010), Alternaria (Breitenbach 102 and Simon-Nobbe, 2002), Epicoccum (Bisht et al, 2000), Cladosporium (Breitenbach 103 and Simon-Nobbe, 2002;Gravesen et al, 1999), Trichoderma (Lübeck et al, 2000),…”

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confidence: 99%