Allergen‐induced <i>in vitro</i> expression of IL‐18, SLAM and GATA‐3 mRNA in PBMC during sublingual immunotherapy

Savolainen, J.; Nieminen, Kaisa; Laaksonen, K.; Laiho, Taina; Jacobsen, Lars; Lahesmaa, Riitta; Terho, E. O.; Valovirta, Erkka

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01426.x

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, a very recent study indirectly supports the relevance of the Th2-Thl shift as SLIT increases the expression of both IL-18 and SLAM (20). IL-18 is a macrophage-derived cytokine originally found as a factor inducing IFN-y production from Thl cells (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sublingual Immunotherapy Affects Specific Antibody and TGF-β Serum Levels in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Ciprandi

Amici

Tosca

et al. 2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by Th2 polarized immune response, such as increased IL-4 and reduced IFN-y production. Sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) induces several immunological changes, most of which are still little known. The aim of this study is firstly to investigate the changes of allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum levels after SLIT. Secondly, this study aims at relating immunoglobulin (Ig) values with some Th l-, Th2-, and Treg-dependent cytokines. Twenty-three patients with pollen-induced AR were enrolled, and they assumed two pre-seasonal SLIT courses for 2 years. Serum allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4 and IgA levels were determined by ELISA method at baseline and after each SLIT course. Serum IL-4, IFN-y, IL-IO, and TGF-[3 levels were also assessed. Allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA serum levels significantly increased after SLIT. Serum TGF-[3 significantly increased after SLIT. There was a significant correlation between IgA and TGF-[3, both after the first and the second SLIT course. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence that pollen SLIT significantly affects Ig production, mainly concerning IgA; and IgA increase is related with TGF-[3 production. Moreover, this is the first study that measured Ig classes by using a quantitative method.AR management includes patient education, allergen avoidance, drug therapy, and, when appropriate, allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) (1). SIT is the practice of administering gradually increasing doses of the causal allergen in order to reduce allergic symptoms resulting from exposure and the need for medications. These effects depend on achieving clinical tolerance of the causal allergen. For these reasons SIT is also called "anti-allergic vaccine". There is evidence that SIT is effective in patients with allergic rhinitis and mild forms of asthma, as stated in a WHO position paper (2).SIT is classically based on the subcutaneous administration of allergen extracts (SCIT), but this route of administration has shown a risk of serious adverse reactions; the sublingual (SLIT) route of immunotherapy was therefore investigated and developed as an alternative. The rationale of SLIT is that oral administration of high-dose allergen may reduce and prevent IgE responses. Methodologically, the extract is kept under the tongue for a few minutes and then swallowed: the so-called sublingual-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sublingual Immunotherapy Affects Specific Antibody and TGF-β Serum Levels in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Ciprandi

Amici

Tosca

et al. 2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…120,121 Other studies of SLIT observed a suppression of T cells proliferative responses, elevated level of INF-gamma and a reduction in Th2 cytokines [122][123][124][125][126] whereas some studies did not confirm this last finding in peripheral blood cells. [127][128][129] Other immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLIT treated patients include increased expression of the programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) on B cells and monocytes. 130 A significant reduction in the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the nasal mucosa 131 has been reported.…”

Section: Sublingual Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy for allergic respiratory diseases

Cappella

Durham

2012

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Moreover, eosinophils are the main player, with activated T cells, of the late-phase reaction elicited by exposure to the specific allergen, leading to the initial release by mast cells of products with chemotactic activity, that represents a clinical model of allergic inflammation. The capacity of IT to suppress the late-phase reaction is well known for SCIT (19), and has recently been confirmed for SLIT (33). It was demonstrated that SLIT prevents the recruitment of eosinophils in the eye or in the nose following allergen challenge, decreases local or systemic levels of eosinophil cationic protein (45), and rapidly reduces (following a rush protocol) the recruitment of eosinophils -as well as neutrophils -into the nasal mucosa, along with the decreased expression of the ICAMI adhesion molecule (46).…”

Section: Effects On Mast Cells and Eosinophilsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The cytokine most recently investigated in IT is IL-18, originally found as a factor inducing IFN-gamma production from Th1 cells (32). In vitro studies have found that IL-18 in presence of1L-12 induces IFNgamma production and inhibits IgE synthesis and antigen-specific Th2 cell development, whereas in the absence of IL-12, IL-18 rather stimulate mast cells and basophils to produce IL-4 and IL-13, resulting in increased IgE synthesis (33) concerns the quick production of IFN-gamma, which was detected as soon as three months after the initiation of SLIT (34).…”

Section: Effects On T Cells and Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in Respiratory Allergy Treated by Sublingual Immunotherapy

et al. 2009

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The most common allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, are sustained by allergic inflammation, the treatment of which requires anti-inflammatory activity. Among the available treatments, allergen immunotherapy (IT) has a documented impact on allergic inflammation which persists after its discontinuation and modifies the natural course of allergy. The anti-inflammatory effects of IT, and particularly of sublingual IT (SLIT), are based on the ability to modify the phenotype of T cells which, in allergic subjects, are characterized by a prevalence of the Th2 type, with production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-32 cytokines. IT-induced changes result in a Th1-type response (immune deviation) related to an increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 production or in a Th2 reduced activity, through a mechanism of anergy or tolerance. It is now known that T cell tolerance is characterized by the generation of allergen-specific Treg cells, which produce cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta with immunosuppressant and/or immunoregulatory activity. Recent studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SLIT is similar to classical, subcutaneous IT, with a prominent role in SLIT for mucosal dendritic cells. The tolerance pattern induced by Treg accounts for the suppressed or reduced activity of inflammatory cells and for the isotypic switch of antibody synthesis from IgE to IgG, and especially to IgG4. Data obtained from biopsies clearly indicate that the pathophysiology of the oral mucosa plays a pivotal role in inducing tolerance to the sublingually administered allergen.

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Allergen‐induced in vitro expression of IL‐18, SLAM and GATA‐3 mRNA in PBMC during sublingual immunotherapy

Abstract: During SLIT, IL-18 and SLAM are upregulated, suggesting that the Th2 type inflammatory response is downregulated during SLIT by increased Th1 type response.

Cited by 43 publications

References 36 publications

Sublingual Immunotherapy Affects Specific Antibody and TGF-β Serum Levels in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Sublingual Immunotherapy Affects Specific Antibody and TGF-β Serum Levels in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Allergen immunotherapy for allergic respiratory diseases

Inflammation in Respiratory Allergy Treated by Sublingual Immunotherapy

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