Allergen Stability in Food Allergy: A Clinician’s Perspective

Koidl, Larissa; Gentile, Salvatore Alessio; Untersmayr, Eva

doi:10.1007/s11882-023-01107-9

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…This occurs due to the preservation of epitopes in these peptides that maintain the ability to bind to human IgE and initiate allergic responses. Due to this, protein stability alone is not an accurate predictor of immunogenic potential and must be coupled with other tests, such as IgE binding assays, to access the potential of different protein sources to initiate allergic reactions [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Biologic Systems Influencing the Development Of Food Allergiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies

Simões,

Ribeiro,

Dias

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Food allergies are becoming ever more prevalent around the world. This pathology is characterized by the breakdown of oral tolerance to ingested food allergens, resulting in allergic reactions in subsequent exposures. Due to the possible severity of the symptoms associated with this pathology, new approaches to prevent it and reduce associated symptoms are of utmost importance. In this framework, dietary phenolic compounds appear as a tool with a not fully explored potential. Some phenolic compounds have been pointed to with the ability to modulate food allergies and possibly reduce their symptoms. These compounds can modulate food allergies through many different mechanisms, such as altering the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of potentially immunogenic peptides, by modulating the human immune system and by modulating the composition of the human microbiome that resides in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. This review deepens the state-of-the-art of the modulation of these mechanisms by phenolic compounds. While this review shows clear evidence that dietary supplementation with foods rich in phenolic compounds might constitute a new approach to the management of food allergies, it also highlights the need for further research to delve into the mechanisms of action of these compounds and decipher systematic structure/activity relationships.

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Section: Biologic Systems Influencing the Development Of Food Allergiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies

Simões,

Ribeiro,

Dias

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A large body of evidence has undermined the dogma of digestive stability ( 42 , 43 ). The correlation between stability to proteolytic digestion and allergenicity has not been verified: food allergens and non-allergenic proteins do not necessarily differ in terms of proteolytic resistance.…”

Section: Food Allergen Stability and Gastroduodenal Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal proteolytic susceptibility of allergens: positive or negative effects on the allergic sensitization?

Jacquet,

Soh

2024

Front. Allergy

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From their expression in their respective allergenic source to their processing by antigen presenting cells, allergens continuously encounter proteases. The ability of allergens to resist to proteolysis by digestive enzymes or host-cell/microbial proteases is considered as an important property that influences their allergenic potential. However, the relationship between proteolytic stability and allergenicity is much more complex and depends on various factors, such as the protein structure dynamics, the exposure level, the route of sensitization, and their respective protease susceptibility. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on several aspects of allergen proteolytic stability in different environments including the allergenic sources, routes of sensitization (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract) and endolysosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells. Proteolytic stability alone cannot represent a definitive criterion to allergenicity. The proteolytic susceptibility of allergens in processed extracts can affect allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the fine tuning of allergen stability during antigen processing can be exploited for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

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Nanoparticles in Allergen‐Delivery Systems for Allergen‐Specific Immunotherapy

Lee,

Chandrawati,

Lee

2024

Advanced Therapeutics

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Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has demonstrated its ability to induce desensitization, resulting in reduced allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) accompanied by increased clinical thresholds. However, ensuring safety during therapy, especially with oral immunotherapy, and achieving long‐term tolerance continue to be significant challenges. To address these issues, a concept of nanoencapsulation of allergens has emerged. This paper reviews biodegradable and non‐biodegradable nanoparticles as an allergen‐delivery system, as well as adjuvants for the improvement of the efficacy of AIT. Of all the nanoparticles reviewed, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and chitosan are the most popular nanoparticles for encapsulating macromolecular allergens for oral immunotherapy. Although poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) demonstrates higher stability in the gastrointestinal environment and allergen‐loaded PLGA attenuates the sIgE antibody binding in a murine model, it has inconsistent loading capacity and is difficult to reproduce. Studies on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of nanoparticles, however, should be highlighted to ensure the long‐term safety profile of utilizing nanoparticles in immunotherapy. In this regard, encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of allergens from nanoparticles are important components in predicting the safety and efficacy of treatments. The stability, reproducibility, and scalability of encapsulated allergens should also be considered for the translation to clinical applications.

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Allergen Stability in Food Allergy: A Clinician’s Perspective

Cited by 10 publications

References 116 publications

Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies

Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies

Spatiotemporal proteolytic susceptibility of allergens: positive or negative effects on the allergic sensitization?

Nanoparticles in Allergen‐Delivery Systems for Allergen‐Specific Immunotherapy

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