Allergens and Toxins from Oleaginous Plants: Problems and Solutions

Oliveira, Natalia Deus; Machado, Olga Lima Tavares

doi:10.5772/18020

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Several detoxification processes used to eliminate PEs from Jatropha cake have been previously described [14], and some of the existing detection methods were used to confirm the effectiveness of these processes.…”

Section: Phorbol Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no standard methodology to use as a quality control for castor cake detoxification processes. Many methodologies to eliminate ricin toxicity from castor cakes have been described, and there are several promising processes when economic aspects are considered [14]. Therefore, to use castor cakes as animal feedstock, efficient methods to detect ricin toxicity after the detoxification process are needed to ensure quality control and safety before the material can be commercialised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Approaches for the Detection of Toxic Compounds in Castor and Physic Nut Seeds and Cakes

Fernandes¹,

Machado²

2012

Biodiesel - Feedstocks, Production and Applications

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Several countries from South and Central "merica and "sia are attempting to use new oilseed sources for biodiesel production. Two of the oilseeds that are expected to be used for this purpose are the castor bean Ricinus communis and physic nut Jatropha curcas . The oil properties of these seeds are well known, and many processes have been developed to produce biodiesel from these seeds. However, the large amount of residual cakes that are produced during the biodiesel production process and how to dispose of or use these cakes remain a problem. "oth the castor cakes castor bean and Jatropha cakes physic nut have great potential for use as fertilisers. Castor cakes are rich in macroelements, including N, P, K, Na, Mg and S, and were shown to supplement the nutritional requirements of plants, reduce the soil acidity by increasing the pH, increase the carbon content, reduce the presence of nematodes and promote overall soil health [ ]. Jatropha cakes are already used as green manure, also because of the N, P and K content [ ]. It is expected that the castor and Jatropha cakes can be used as animal feedstock. These oilseed cakes are high in protein therefore, their use as an animal food supplement is highly desirable. However, the presence of toxic substances in the seeds of R. communis and J. curcas restrict the use of the residual cakes as feedstock. Many detoxification processes have been described to render castor and Jatropha cakes edible. However, there is currently no recognized standard and safe methodology that could be used in the industry. Most of the detoxification processes developed have some negative aspects, such as high prices that are limiting for use on an industrial scale or the validation method. This second problem is the most difficult to solve because it is necessary that the detoxified cakes be safe to use as animal feedstock. " flawed method to detect toxins in the cakes could be very dangerous because a non-detoxified residual cake could be used to feed animals and may lead to death. In addition to toxic components, it was shown that allergenic proteins are also present in the seeds of R. communis[ ] and J. curcas[ ], and many methods for the detoxification of residual cakes have been shown to efficiently eliminate the toxins but not the allergens. For example, during the s, a detoxified castor cake was commercialised in "razil as Lex Proteic [ ] however, despite the absence of toxins, the allergens remained present in the castor cake. In this chapter, different methods to detect toxins from R. communis and J. curcas will be described.. Ricinus communis toxinsCastor bean seeds have long been known for their toxicity. They are the source of the most potent phytotoxin known, the protein ricin. Moreover, the toxic alkaloid, ricinin, is also found in the castor bean however, this compound is different from ricin in that it is not as toxic and can easily be removed from the castor cake. . . RicinThe toxin, ricin, has been known since ancient times because of its use in criminal practices. "ccor...

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Section: Phorbol Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%