Allergic asthma: an overview of metabolomic strategies leading to the identification of biomarkers in the field

Abstract

Allergic asthma is a prominent disease especially during childhood. Indoor allergens, in general, and particularly house dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent sensitizers associated with allergic asthma. Available data show that 65-130 million people are mite-sensitized world-wide and as many as 50% of these are asthmatic. In fact, sensitization to HDM in the first years of life can produce devastating effects on pulmonary function leading to asthmatic syndromes that can be fatal. To date, there has been considerable research into the pathological pathways and structural changes associated with allergic asthma. However, limitations related to the disease heterogeneity and a lack of knowledge into its pathophysiology have impeded the generation of valuable data needed to appropriately phenotype patients and, subsequently, treat this disease. Here, we report a systematic and integral analysis of the disease, from airway remodelling to the immune response taking place throughout the disease stages. We present an overview of metabolomics, the management of complex multifactorial diseases through the analysis of all possible metabolites in a biological sample, obtaining a global interpretation of biological systems. Special interest is placed on the challenges to obtain biological samples and the methodological aspects to acquire relevant information, focusing on the identification of novel biomarkers associated with specific phenotypes of allergic asthma. We also present an overview of the metabolites cited in the literature, which have been related to inflammation and immune response in asthma and other allergy-related diseases.

Multi‐omics analysis points to altered platelet functions in severe food‐associated respiratory allergy

“…Besides, S1P can be degraded by the LPP1 platelet outer surface receptor (Figure ). Finally, we observed an increase along the severity of lysophospholipids (LPCs, LPS, and LPEs), as other authors have previously described in asthma and other inflammatory pathologies . These lysophospholipids and ARA precursors, increased in “severe” patients, are involved in platelet activation in inflammatory environments .…”

“…They offer the possibility of a better understanding of a disease by obtaining vast amounts of data from every individual biological sample. Transcriptomics, and to a lesser extent metabolomics, have been previously used to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of several allergic diseases . Previous studies have not yet addressed neither specific allergic phenotypes nor their associated metabolic signatures, and these are still largely unknown.…”

Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of 1-Year Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Artemisia sieversiana Pollen Allergic Rhinitis by Serum Metabolomics

“…Metabolomics has been extensively studied on the effects of metabolism on the progression of allergic diseases, especially asthma (Kelly et al, 2017;Reinke et al, 2017). It has the potential of diagnosis and treatment, and is considered to be an effective method to find biomarkers of allergic diseases (Villaseñor et al, 2017). Up to now, the research on the therapeutic methods of allergic rhinitis based on metabonomics is limited.…”

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“…1 Omics approaches are high-throughput technologies that provide a cross-sectional analysis of biological systems including genomics (measure of DNA variation), transcriptomics (assessment of RNA expression), epigenomics (DNA alterations that influence RNA expression), proteomics (protein expression) and most recently metabolomics (metabolite levels). 1 Omics approaches are high-throughput technologies that provide a cross-sectional analysis of biological systems including genomics (measure of DNA variation), transcriptomics (assessment of RNA expression), epigenomics (DNA alterations that influence RNA expression), proteomics (protein expression) and most recently metabolomics (metabolite levels).…”

“…Although novel technologies that allow unbiased detection of biomarkers for diseases are being used increasingly their clinical application remains uncertain. 1 Omics approaches are high-throughput technologies that provide a cross-sectional analysis of biological systems including genomics (measure of DNA variation), transcriptomics (assessment of RNA expression), epigenomics (DNA alterations that influence RNA expression), proteomics (protein expression) and most recently metabolomics (metabolite levels).…”