Allergic conjunctivitis: a cross‐sectional study

Leonardi, Andrea; Piliego, F.; Castegnaro, Angela; Lazzarini, Daniela; Valerio, Alvise La Gloria; Mattana, Paolo; Fregona, I.

doi:10.1111/cea.12536

Cited by 52 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although several studies suggest a high comorbidity of conjunctivitis and rhinitis, conjunctival symptoms are often perceived by clinicians as a minor problem and suboptimally treated. A recent survey revealed that daily treatment of OA has little concordance with current recommendations . Topical ocular decongestants and corticosteroids were used in the majority of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of ocular allergy

Leonardi

Silva

Formigo

et al. 2019

Allergy

107

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Funding informationThis work was done under the approval of EAACI with a TF budget 2015-18. AbstractThe treatment and management of ocular allergy (OA) remain a major concern for different specialties, including allergists, ophthalmologists, primary care physicians, rhinologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, clinical immunologists, and pharmacists.We performed a systematic review of all relevant publications in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web Science including systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Publications were considered relevant if they addressed treatments, or management strategies of OA.A further wider systematic literature search was performed if no evidence or good quality evidence was found. There are effective drugs for the treatment of OA; however, there is a lack an optimal treatment for the perennial and severe forms. Topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, or double-action drugs are the first choice of treatment. All of them are effective in reducing signs and symptoms of OA. The safety and optimal dosing regimen of the most effective topical anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, are still a major concern. Topical calcineurin inhibitors may be used in steroid-dependent/resistant cases of severe allergic keratoconjunctivitis.Allergen-specific immunotherapy may be considered in cases of failure of first-line treatments or to modify the natural course of OA disease. Based on the current wealth of publications and on the collective experience, recommendations on management of OA have been proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was independent of the specific diagnosis of OA subtype and severity. Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers, which are the first‐line therapy in most published recommendations, were used less frequently . The incorrect management of OA may increase the risk of local and systemic treatment‐related side effects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of ocular allergy

Leonardi

Silva

Formigo

et al. 2019

Allergy

107

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“…About 60% of subjects used more than one medication. In fact, 40% of patients used a combination of decongestants and corticosteroids for ocular allergy, independent of the specific diagnosis [Leonardi et al 2015]. Thus, the habitual use of legacy medications persists in the face of evolved options having greater efficacy against ocular itching.…”

Section: Historical and Current Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, approximately 27% of patients currently employ systemic antihistamines [Leonardi et al 2015]; presumably patients utilize OTC systemics as first-line treatment in absence of medical consultation.…”

Section: Second-generation Antihistaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular itch associated with allergic conjunctivitis: latest evidence and clinical management

Ackerman

Smith

Gomes

2016

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common allergic conditions worldwide. Its incidence is increasing due to changing climate, pollution, increased pollen loads, and the subject's heightened immunological sensitivity in response to these environmental changes. The pathophysiology predominantly involves immunoglobulin E-related mast-cell activation, with release of histamine and other mediators contributing to the propagation of the response by calling in other immune cells and further inflammation. This article presents the evolution of ocular allergy treatments, from vasoconstrictors, to antihistamines and mastcell stabilizers, to the dual-acting agents, as well as corticosteroid and immunomodulatory options. Future targets for allergy treatment are also discussed.

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“…3,[12][13][14] Moreover, people of different ages have different sensitive allergens. 15,16 Hence, local data of distribution of allergens are important and needed to be investigated. However, data elucidating the distribution of common allergens in Sichuan, Western China, are lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of food‐allergen and aeroallergen sensitization among people in Sichuan, Western China: An 8‐year observational study

Huang

Feng

Wei

et al. 2018

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Identifying the distribution of allergens is invaluable to effective diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. The present study aims to analyze the epidemiology of allergens in Sichuan, Western China. Methods A total of 14 030 participants including 8031 men and 5999 women were enrolled in this study during 2007‐2014 in West China Hospital. An assay testing for the presence of allergen‐specific IgE was used to identify highly immunogenic allergens. Results Of the 14 030 total participants, 3470 (24.72%) were sensitive to at least one of tested allergens. The most immunogenic allergens were mite mix (1876, 13.38%), crab (876, 6.24%), sea‐fish mix (865, 6.16%), house dust (355, 2.54%), and cockroach (292, 2.08%). The differences between population of participants who were sensitive to food allergens and aeroallergens were statistically significant in 0 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60 year‐old age‐groups (all P < 0.05). Distributions of three food allergens and two aeroallergens were significantly different between male and female participants. There was also an increase in sensitization to cow's milk, mutton, sea‐fish, and mould that was observed in the 71 to 90 year‐old group. Conclusion The most common allergens presented in Sichuan were observed to be mites, crab, sea‐fish, and house dust. There was an observable difference in sensitivity to five allergens between males and females. Additionally, aeroallergens appeared to have a greater immunogenic effect in younger populations while the elderly presented with increased sensitization to specific allergens, suggesting that specific allergens' immunogenicity was age‐dependent.

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Allergic conjunctivitis: a cross‐sectional study

Abstract: An understanding of ocular allergic disease, its incidence, demographics, and treatment paradigms provides important information towards understanding its pharmacoeconomics and burden on the national health system.

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Management of ocular allergy

Management of ocular allergy

Ocular itch associated with allergic conjunctivitis: latest evidence and clinical management

Prevalence of food‐allergen and aeroallergen sensitization among people in Sichuan, Western China: An 8‐year observational study

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