Allergic contact dermatitis due to CS spray

Shambhu, Siddesh; Kurtis, R

doi:10.1136/emj.2009.084921

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From the 12 cases reports that included available data, all reported use of spray directed against the subject’s face. [ 5 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 33 , 34 ]. In five of them the neck was sprayed [ 5 , 19 , 21 , 28 , 34 ], in five the hands or arms [ 16 , 17 , 25 , 28 , 34 ], in three the chest [ 16 , 19 , 28 ] and the waist or the thigh [ 16 , 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common dermal findings are erythema [ 5 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 34 , 36 ], blistering rash or bullae [ 5 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 29 , 34 , 36 ], burning sensation of the skin [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], dermal irritation with or without pain [ 5 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 29 ], and burns [ 5 , 13 , 17 , 19 ]. Other findings are swelling or oedema [ 21 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 34 ], pruritus [ 21 , 22 , 28 ], skin rash [ 16 , 28 ] eczema or seborrhoeic dermatitis [ 21 , 36 ], lichenification [ 28 ], erythymatous scar [ 22 ], allergic contact dermatitis [ 14 , 15 , 21 , 29 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome presented by Roth et al and Hu and Christani which lasted for more than two and three years, respectively, requiring multiple hospitalisations [ 32 , 35 ]. Allergic contact dermatitis could also be considered as a long-term effect especially when occupational exposure takes place [ 14 , 15 , 21 , 29 , 36 ]. Karaman et al described a case of serious laryngeal and bronchial obstruction which presented 21 days post-exposure and required laryngoscopic examination and bronchoscopy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposure to the Riot Control Agent CS and Potential Health Effects: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Dimitroglou

Rachiotis

Hadjichristodoulou

2015

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is one of the most extensively used riot control agents. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the potential health effects related to CS exposure. We searched for papers in English between 1991 and 2014. Thirty five (35) studies (25 case reports, seven descriptive studies and three analytical studies) were included in the review. In the twenty five case reports/series 90 cases of exposure to CS and their clinical effects are presented. Their mean age was 25.7 years and 62.0% were males. In addition, 61% of the cases described dermal, 40% respiratory, 57% ocular clinical effects. Life threatening situations as well as long-term health effects were found and were related with exposure to confined/enclosed space. Descriptive and analytical studies have shown attack rates ranging from 12% to 40%. Subjects who were sprayed by the police more often needed special treatment and reported adverse health effects. Apart from transient clinical effects, CS could have lasting and serious effects on human health. Better surveillance of the subjects exposed to CS and completion of cohort studies among exposed populations will illuminate the spectrum of the health effects of exposure to CS.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exposure to the Riot Control Agent CS and Potential Health Effects: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Dimitroglou

Rachiotis

Hadjichristodoulou

2015

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tear gas agents are well known to cause several effects, including severe pain, blepharospasm, lachrymation, and airway obstruction ( Olajos and Salem, 2001 ; Varma and Holt, 2001 ; Smith and Greaves, 2002 ; Karaman et al, 2009 ; Shambhu and Kurtis, 2011 ; Schep et al, 2015 ). Eyes, respiratory system, and skin are commonly exposed ( Agrawal et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common cutaneous outcomes are irritation, bulla formation, burns, subcutaneous edema, and contact dermatitis ( Southward, 2001 ; Watson and Rycroft, 2005 ; Arbak et al, 2014 ; Schep et al, 2015 ). Some studies have reported contact dermatitis with repeated exposure to CS tear gas agent ( Kain et al, 2010 ; Shambhu and Kurtis, 2011 ; Bhargava et al, 2012 ; Lam et al, 2020 ). Several short-term and long-term effects of CS tear gas agents have been reported ( Karagama et al, 2003 ; Karaman et al, 2009 ; Kain et al, 2010 ; Arbak et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channel Ankyrin 1 Counteracts 2-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile Tear Gas Agent–Induced Cutaneous Injuries

Achanta,

Chintagari,

Balakrishna

et al. 2023

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deployment of the tear gas agent 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) for riot control has significantly increased in recent years. The effects of CS have been believed to be transient and benign. However, CS induces severe pain, blepharospasm, lachrymation, airway obstruction, and skin blisters. Frequent injuries and hospitalizations have been reported after exposure. We have identified the sensory neuronal ion channel, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), as a key CS target resulting in acute irritation and pain and also as a mediator of neurogenic inflammation. Here, we examined the effects of pharmacologic TRPA1 inhibition on CS-induced cutaneous injury. We modeled CS-induced cutaneous injury by applying 10 μ l CS agent [200 mM in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] to each side of the right ears of 8- to 9-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, whereas left ears were applied with solvent only (DMSO). The TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031 or A-967079 was administered after CS exposure. CS exposure induced strong tissue swelling, plasma extravasation, and a dramatic increase in inflammatory cytokine levels in the mouse ear skin. We also showed that the effects of CS were not transient but caused persistent skin injuries. These injury parameters were reduced with TRPA1 inhibitor treatment. Further, we tested the pharmacologic activity of advanced TRPA1 antagonists in vitro. Our findings showed that TRPA1 is a crucial mediator of CS-induced nociception and tissue injury and that TRPA1 inhibitors are effective countermeasures that reduce key injury parameters when administered after exposure. Additional therapeutic efficacy studies with advanced TRPA1 antagonists and decontamination strategies are warranted. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT 2-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) tear gas agent has been deployed as a crowd dispersion chemical agent in recent times. Exposure to CS tear gas agents has been believed to cause transient acute toxic effects that are minimal at most. Here we found that CS tear gas exposure causes both acute and persistent skin injuries and that treatment with transient receptor potential ion channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists ameliorated skin injuries.

show abstract

Effects of incapacitant spray deployed in the restraint and arrest of detainees in the Metropolitan Police Service area, London, UK: a prospective study

Payne-James¹,

Smith²,

Rivers

et al. 2013

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis due to CS spray

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure to the Riot Control Agent CS and Potential Health Effects: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Exposure to the Riot Control Agent CS and Potential Health Effects: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channel Ankyrin 1 Counteracts 2-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile Tear Gas Agent–Induced Cutaneous Injuries

Effects of incapacitant spray deployed in the restraint and arrest of detainees in the Metropolitan Police Service area, London, UK: a prospective study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About