Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

Felmingham, Claire; Davenport, Rachael; Bala, Harini Rajgopal; Palmer, Amanda; Nixon, Rosemary

doi:10.1111/ajd.13169

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A considerable percentage (10.4%) of our patients in the present study were pediatric patients who were <18 years old. Although contact sensitization to MCI/MI and MI is usually less frequent among pediatric patients, 39,40 recent reports showed high sensitization prevalences up to 11% among children who underwent patch testing 41 . Atopic dermatitis was suggested as a risk factor for MCI/MI sensitization, 36,38 however, the number of patients with atopic dermatitis or atopic skin diathesis was relatively low in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

et al. 2020

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Background: Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI allergy caused a global epidemic during the period 2010 to 2015, reaching its peak in 2013/14. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of MCI/MI and MI allergy in Turkey over 24 years. Methods: A total of 2310 patients patch tested between 1996 and 2019 with MCI/MI 0.01% aq. or MCI/MI 0.02% aq., with or without MI 0.2% aq., were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of contact sensitization was 3.3% (n = 77) with a peak level of 16.4% in 2015. The prevalence gradually decreased thereafter, but was still high (6.5%) in 2019. Seventy-three patients had clinically relevant sensitizations. MI could detect clinically relevant sensitizations in all seven patients with a negative patch test reaction to MCI/MI 0.02%. Non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was most frequently seen, mainly in women, with hand/face eczema from rinse-off or leave-on cosmetics, such as wet wipes. Occupational ACD was mainly seen among men with airborne eczema from wall paints in house painters, or with hand eczema from hair gel/wax in men's barbers. Conclusions: The prevalence of MCI/MI and MI sensitization in Turkey following the peak in 2015 is still high. This is probably due to the currently allowed level of 100 ppm for MI in rinse-off cosmetics. This needs to be urgently reduced.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, unique patch test series have been developed to facilitate diagnosis and management of ACD in children 8,10 . Our rates of sensitization and relevant positive patch tests are similar to other studies published in the past decade 8,11,12 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Pediatric ACD is increasing in prevalence. A meta‐analysis done found that studies published after 1995 have reported higher rates of positive patch tests 8,9 . In recent years, unique patch test series have been developed to facilitate diagnosis and management of ACD in children 8,10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric patch testing in a multi‐ethnic Asian population: A retrospective review

Lee

Wee

Tan

et al. 2021

Pediatric Dermatology

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Background Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is increasingly prevalent. Patch testing is the gold‐standard diagnostic investigation. The aims of our study were to describe the clinical profile of pediatric patients with ACD in a multi‐ethnic Asian population and identify the common contact allergens. Methods This was a retrospective study involving children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger with clinically suspected ACD who underwent patch testing between January 2007 and March 2020 at two institutions in Singapore. Information pertaining to their demographics, atopy history, clinical presentation, and patch test results was analyzed. Results A total of 252 patients were included. The mean age was 10.9 years (1.0–16.7 years). The majority were Chinese (79.8%) and girls (57.5%). Many (66.3%) had atopic dermatitis (AD), which was mild. The most common presentation was an acral eczematous rash. The sensitization rate was 50.0%. The most frequent reactions were to nickel sulfate (49.2%) and fragrance mix (19.1%). The overall rate of relevant positive patch tests was 72.5%. Patients with AD were less likely to have a reaction to fragrance mix (p = .019) and more likely to have a reaction to disperse blue (p = .041). Compared to younger children, adolescents were less likely to have a positive patch test (p = .008). Indians were also less likely to have a positive reaction (p = .004). Conclusion Metals and fragrances were the most common allergens causing childhood ACD in Singapore. Patients with AD were less likely to be sensitized to fragrances and more likely to be sensitized to disperse blue dye.

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“…Similar results have been also previously reported for fragrance mix [ 41 – 43 ], balsam of Peru [ 44 – 47 ], thiomersal [ 48 ], and cobalt chloride [ 44 , 49 , 50 ]. The relation of atopies and atopic dermatitis/atopies to allergen sensitization has been discussed in the literature mostly for pediatric populations [ 51 , 52 ], yet very few reports [ 53 , 54 ] are available for adult populations, which is a question our present work addresses. Although there is a close relation between the presence of atopy and contact dermatitis, not much is known about the effect of atopy in the allergen contact sensitization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Atopy in the Prevalence of Contact Sensitization: The Experience of a Greek Referral Center

Tagka

Lambrou

Nicolaidou

et al. 2020

Dermatology Research and Practice

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Contact dermatitis is a well-known skin condition, which is related to stimuli and environmental exposure to chemicals, affecting all ages as well as both genders. In the present work, we attempt to investigate the patterns of contact sensitization, with respect to the personal history of atopy (AT), in Greece in a large number of allergens, using patch testing. The retrospective analysis included clinical routine data of 1978 patients collected from 2014 to 2016 in the Laboratory of Patch Testing, National Referral Centre of Occupational Dermatoses. Sensitization, in all cases, was tested with 28 allergens of the European baseline series as adjusted to our local circumstances and clinical experience. A total population of 1978 patients was evaluated, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.45 (1359 females/619 males). From our patient cohort, 693 (35%) patients were evaluated with a history of atopy, while 1285 (65%) were nonatopic. The five most prevalent allergens in the total population without AT were nickel sulphate 5% (15.47%), fragrance mix (I) 8% (9.10%), balsam of Peru (6.47%), cobalt chloride 1% (4.70%), and thiomersal 0.1% (4.10%). Respectively, in the total population with AT, the five most prevalent allergens were nickel sulphate 5% (10.36%), fragrance mix (I) 8% (5.11%), balsam of Peru (3.29%), thiomersal 0.1% (3.03%), and cobalt chloride 1% (2.78%). Contact dermatitis surveillance is of great importance towards the clinical and systematic understanding of the disease. Further studies should be directed towards that end, in order to facilitate more effective health policies.

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Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

Pediatric patch testing in a multi‐ethnic Asian population: A retrospective review

The Effect of Atopy in the Prevalence of Contact Sensitization: The Experience of a Greek Referral Center

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