Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study

H, Okrasiński; Gul, Vahdet F.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1995.478

Annals of Saudi Medicine

1995

DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1995.478

|View full text |Cite

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study

Okrasiński H

Vahdet F. Gul

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2008

2011

Publication Types

Select...

Article2

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent2

Authors

Journals

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Levels of chromium 41 ppm were found in some LOTs of lipsticks manufactured in France, the USA, and some of unknown origin (Figure 2(b)). ACD in 100 Saudi patients was most commonly caused by nickel in women (17.3%) and by chromium in (10.4%), as reported by Okrasinski and Gul (1995). Since this study, the cosmetics market has expanded significantly.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Trace metals in lipsticks

Al‐Saleh

Al-Enazi

2011

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmetics still retain their glittering appeal, but public concern about their toxicity has become a hot issue. Trace amounts of toxic metals can be either intentionally added to cosmetics or present as impurities in the raw materials. We therefore assessed the levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, mercury, antimony, and arsenic in 14 brands of lipstick (28 samples) that are widely available in local Saudi markets. This study found that the levels of all metals were generally lower than the specifications of the US Food and Drug Administration for metallic impurities in color additives used in cosmetics. Only one brand of lipstick exceeded the specifications, containing levels of arsenic higher than 3 ppm. Also, the levels of nickel and chromium contents in 10 and 4 of the 28 lipsticks, respectively, were above 1 ppm, the trigger limit of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Despite the metallic contents in lipsticks being below the acceptable limits for impurities in color additives used in the cosmetic industry, safer limits should be seriously considered, especially for those causing ACD.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 56%

Trace metals in lipsticks

Al‐Saleh

Al-Enazi

2011

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p‐phenylenediamine

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many women and men now dye their hair. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a frequent and important component of permanent hair dye products; exposure to it may cause allergic contact sensitization, acute dermatitis, and severe facial oedema. To increase our understanding of PPD allergy, we reviewed published literature containing PPD patch test data from dermatitis patients and individuals in the general population. This was performed to estimate the median prevalence and the weighted average of PPD sensitization and thereby assess the burden of PPD-containing hair care products on health. Literature was examined using PubMed-MEDLINE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. The median prevalence among dermatitis patients was 4.3% in Asia, 4% in Europe, and 6.2% in North America. A widespread increase in the prevalence of PPD sensitization was observed among Asian dermatitis patients. In Europe, a decrease in the 1970s was replaced by a plateau with steady, high prevalences ranging between 2% and 6%. The prevalence remained high in North America, although a decreasing tendency was observed. Contact allergy to PPD is an important health issue for both women and men. More stringent regulation and enforcement are required as public health measures to reduce the burden of disease that exposure to PPD has brought to populations.

show abstract

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Trace metals in lipsticks

Trace metals in lipsticks

Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p‐phenylenediamine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About