Allergic reaction induced by dermal and/or respiratory exposure to low-dose phenoxyacetic acid, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides

Pesticides and asthma

“…However, many diffused pesticides have weak or minimal immunogenicity on the basis of the slight immunomodulatory changes observed in some human immune laboratory parameters [15]. The subtle immune alterations associated with intermittent and low-dose pesticide exposure do not necessarily evolve into significant health risk (namely, asthma) to the exposed individuals.…”

Detection of respiratory allergies caused by environmental chemical allergen via measures of hyper-activation and degranulation of mast cells in lungs of NC/Nga mice

“…BALB/c and NC/Nga mice (age, 8 weeks) to groups (n ¼ 8 mice/group) were randomly allocated for dosing or for no treatment (control). In a previous study, it was already demonstrated that the immune responses in either only TMAsensitized or only TMA-challenged hosts were comparable to those in untreated ones (Fukuyama et al 2008(Fukuyama et al , 2009a. Therefore, an untreated group was used in this study to indicate the baseline for each endpoint.…”

“…Furthermore, additional optimization and modifications of such a method may be required to allow detection of allergens other than liquid chemical allergens (Fukuyama et al 2009a;Nishino et al 2014). Accordingly, this study was designed to elucidate mechanisms of small particulate chemical-induced respiratory allergic disorders, using a mouse model of chemicalinduced respiratory allergy and the well-known chemical allergen TMA.…”

Prior exposure to immunosuppressive organophosphorus or organochlorine compounds aggravates the TH1- and TH2-type allergy caused by topical sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride

“…Several reports (Arts et al, 2003;Plitnick et al, 2003;Vanoirbeek et al, 2003;Ban et al, 2006;Fukuyama et al, 2008aFukuyama et al, and 2008bFukuyama et al, , 2009Fukuyama et al, , 2010a have shown that dermal TMA exposure increases a T H 2 cytokine secretion pattern in mice. In contrast, identical dermal exposure to DNCB, which causes delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions but lacks the potential to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, elicits the T H 1-type cytokine secretion profile (Larsen et al, 2001;Dearman et al, 2005;Matheson et al, 2005a and2005b;Vanoirbeek et al, 2006;Fukuyama et al, 2008aFukuyama et al, and 2008bFukuyama et al, , 2009Fukuyama et al, , 2010a. These low-molecular weight chemicals are well-known human allergens (Larsen et al, 2001;Matheson et al, 2005a and2005b) that have been used extensively in experimental research on chemical hypersensitivity.…”