Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

allergic rhinitis is found in approximately 10% of the general population and perennial rhinitis is found in 10-20% of the population. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Overall, allergic rhinitis affects 20 to 40 million people in the USA. 11,12 The frequency of allergic rhinitis in the general population has risen in parallel with that of all IgE-mediated diseases during the past decade. Swedish army studies have shown that the prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis has increased from 4% to 8% in the 10-year period from 1971 to 1981. 13 In addition, atopic skin test reactivity increased from 39% to 50% in Tucson, Arizona, during an 8-year period of testing. 5,12 The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the pediatric population also appears to be rising. One study showed a prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis in 42% of 6-year-old children. 5 Another study conducted in Finland reported a near tripling of the prevalence from 1977 to 1991. 14 Currently, allergic rhinitis is the most common atopic disease and one of the leading chronic conditions in children younger than 18 years. 15 These figures relate to industrialized nations; there is generally less atopic disease in underdeveloped countries for reasons that are not entirely clear but involve genetic and environmental interactions. SexIn childhood, boys with allergic rhinitis outnumber girls, but, in general, equal numbers are affected during adulthood. AgeSymptoms of allergic rhinitis develop before the age of 20 years in 80% of cases. Children in families with a bilateral family history of allergy generally have symptoms before puberty; those with a unilateral family history tend to have symptoms later in life or not at all. 5-7 Symptoms of allergic rhinitis develop in 1 of 5 children by 2 to 3 years of age and in approximately 40% by the age of 6 years. Approximately 30% develop symptoms during adolescence. Risk FactorsStudies have shown that the frequency of allergic rhinitis increases with age and that positive allergy skin tests are significant risk factors for the development of new symptoms of allergic rhinitis. There appears to be a higher prevalence of rhinitis ©

Güney Marmara Bölgesindeki Alerjik Rinitli Çocuklarda Mantar Alerjenlerine Duyarlılık Oranlarının Araştırılması

“…Çocukluk çağında alerjik rinit erkeklerde daha sık görülmekle birlikte erişkin yaş grubunda her iki cinsiyet eşit olarak etkilenmektedir (9). Alerjik rinit semptomları olguların %80'inde 20 yaşından önce başladığı, hastaların %20'sinde iki-üç yaşlarda, %40'ında ilk altı yaşta, yaklaşık %30'unda da adölesan dönemde ortaya çıktığı bildirilmektedir (10).…”

Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

“…After being outside, allergic individuals should wash their hands and faces immediately. When outside, masks and goggles are very effective [11].…”

“…A number of INSs are available in both aerosol and aqueous solutions ( Table 1) [11]. INSs are superior to antihistamines [15,16] and leukotriene antagonists [17,18] and, probably equivalent [19] or even superior [20,21] to combinations of antihistamines and LTAs.…”

“…Two generations of antihistamines are available: first generation (sedating) antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, clemastine, tripelennamine, pyrilamine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and tripolidine, which are available without prescription; the second generation (hyposedating or non-sedating) agents, such as cetirizine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, levocetirizine, ebastine, mizolastine, all of which require a prescription except loratadine ( Table 2) [11,35,36].…”

Do Adult Forms of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Exist in Children and Adolescents?

“…The 3 rd edition of the textbook Pediatric Allergy mentions in the allergic rhinitis chapter that nasal polyps are frequent in cystic fibrosis but not in pediatric allergic rhinitis [22]. The chapter on sinusitis makes no mention of nasal polyps [23].…”