Allergy Alert Test for p-Phenylenediamine–Allergic Hair Dye Users

Abstract

The AAT caused a reaction self-noticeable on the forearm in 90.5% (38/42) and behind the ear in 93% (39/42) of the PPD-positive subjects. This was objectified by a dermatological evaluation. The strength of the AAT response and the number of responding subjects increased with increasing PPD concentrations. Allergy alert test responses were also dependent on the reaction strength of the diagnostic patch test to PPD before the study; in subjects with (+++) patch test reactions, 19 of 19 were positive. All 48 control subjects were negative to the AAT. Therefore, the AAT protocol provides a signal indicative of an allergic reaction in PPD-allergic hair dye consumers.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Occupational and non‐occupational allergic contact dermatitis to hair dyes in Greece. A 10‐year retrospective study

“…Recently, 2‐methoxymethyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine (ME‐PPD), with lower sensitization potency, has been introduced as a safer alternative for PPD/PTD‐allergic individuals 61‐63 . In an attempt to prevent allergic reactions to hair dyes, a preceding open skin allergy test, has been recommended to hair dye consumers 64‐66 . Furthermore, the use of semi‐permanent tattoos should be discouraged, since black henna tattoos appear to be a significant risk factor for PPD contact allergy.…”

Safety Assessment of Basic Red 76 as Used in Cosmetics

“…9 Additionally, according to a report published in 2018, a different method of patch-testing was suggested utilizing more relevant protocols regarding exposure time and test preparation that reflect the actual use conditions with hair dying. 10 According to this study, a self-test protocol for an allergy alert test (AAT) was developed that elicits a self-noticeable alert signal in p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-allergic consumers after a 45 minute exposure to the hair dye mixed with developer.…”

Kontaktallergien – Neu aufkommende Allergene und Auswirkungen für das Gesundheitswesen

“…Dazu gab es bisher einen Vorstoß, der von der Industrie ausging, nämlich den „Selbsttest“ oder „Allergie-Alarm-Test“ (AAT) mit verschiedenen Methoden [332]. Das neueste Protokoll für den AAT [333] hat zwar zumindest ein gewisses Maß an Standardisierung sowie gute Übereinstimmung zwischen dem Laien- (Verbraucher-)Testergebnis und der dermatologischen Evaluierung gezeigt, doch es bleiben dennoch verschiedene Bedenken bestehen, unter anderem in Bezug auf das zusätzliche Sensibilisierungsrisiko durch Applikation eines AAT vor dem Haarfärbeprodukt [334]. Das Screening auf Kontaktallergie durch adäquate Befragung/Fragebogen kann eine sinnvolle Strategie sein, doch deren diagnostische Validität muss beurteilt werden – idealerweise anhand des Sensibilisierungsstatus laut Verifizierung durch Epikutantestung.…”