Alleviating Effect of α-Lipoic Acid and Magnesium on Cadmium-Induced Inflammatory Processes, Oxidative Stress and Bone Metabolism Disorders in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Cadmium exposure contributes to internal organ dysfunction and the development of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the alleviating effect of α-lipoic acid and/or magnesium on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and disorders in bone metabolism, kidney and liver function, and hematological and biochemical parameters changes. Male rats were exposed to cadmium (30 mg Cd/kg of feed) for three months. Some animals exposed to Cd were supplemented with magnesium (150 mg Mg/kg of feed) and/or with α-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body weight, four times a week). Cd intake inhibited body weight gain and lowered hemoglobin concentration, whereas it increased the activities of liver enzymes, as well as the level of oxidative stress, CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, bone resorption marker), and CRP (C-reactive protein, marker of inflammation); it decreased vitamin D3, GSH (reduced glutathione), and the serum urea nitrogen/creatinine index. Mg and/or α-lipoic acid supplementation increased the antioxidant potential, and partially normalized the studied biochemical parameters. The obtained results show that both magnesium and α-lipoic acid decrease oxidative stress and the level of inflammatory marker, as well as normalize bone metabolism and liver and kidney function. Combined intake of α-lipoic acid and magnesium results in reinforcement of the protective effect; especially, it increases antioxidant defense.

Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats

“…The elevation of serum cytokine levels in rats treated with Cd in our study is in agreement with previous reports (Bonaventura et al 2017;Markiewicz-Górka et al 2019). These results suggested that exposure to Cd stimulates the cytokines production leading to cellular immune response disorders and all of these disturbances are consequences of the oxidative damage of Cd (Bonaventura et al 2017;Turley et al 2019).…”

Relationship between blood cadmium levels and bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional study

“…In addition, cadmium can disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone turnover by stimulating the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and inhibiting the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts while inducing osteoblast-like cells to secrete a substance that stimulates the formation of bone-resorbing cells ( 33 ). Cadmium has also been linked to the overproduction of free radicals in bone and other tissues and to oxidative stress, which increases free radicals in osteoblasts and thus induces apoptosis and increased bone fragility ( 34 ). Other studies have shown that chronic exposure to cadmium also produces neurotoxic effects ( 35 ).…”

Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates cytarabine-induced developmental anomalies in rat fetus

“…Further, supplementation with ALA resulted in improved % ossification in both axial and appendicular system, and mineralization and increased the number of ossification centers in sternum, carpals, tarsals, vertebrae, pelvic bones of fetuses as compared to fetuses of dams received Ara-C alone. ALA reported to prevent bone loss induced by oxidative stress, 53 diabetes, 46,94 inflammation, 50 radiation, 54 b-adrenergic signaling, 95 periapical bone loss, 96 periodontitis, 97 fracture, 98 starvation-induced bone remodeling, 99 ovariectomy or menopausal, 49,57,100,101 high-fat diet, 58 glucocorticoids, 56,102 collagen-induced arthritis, 55,103 H 2 O 2 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha(TNF-a) 48 receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta (RANKL)/ TNF-a, 52 cadmium, 104 nano-zinc oxide, 105 and lead 51 and improve bone formation. Further, ALA reduces developmental anomalies in fetal skeletal system caused by diabetes.…”