Alleviating Heavy Metal Toxicity in Milk and Water through a Synergistic Approach of Absorption Technique and High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma and Probable Rheological Changes

Abstract

In this study, we combined atmospheric pressure cold plasma, a novel treatment technology, with an absorption technique with soybean husk to remove Pb and Cd from milk. Different combinations of treatment duration, voltage, and post treatment retention time were used to determine the effectiveness of cold plasma. Soybean husk was used for metal extraction, and it was observed that when the milk samples were plasma treated with a discharge voltage of 50 kV for 2 min and held for 24 h, the highest mean elimination of about 27.37% for Pb and 14.89% for Cd was obtained. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced from plasma treatment were identified using Optical Emission Spectra analysis. A high voltage of 50 kV plasma for a 2 min duration could produce 500 ± 100 ppm of ozone concentration inside the treated package. The value of ΔE, which indicates overall color difference measurement, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in all the treated samples than control samples. However, in the frequency range from 0.01 to 100 Hz, there was not much difference between the control and treated sample in the frequency sweep test. The identified functional groups at different wavenumbers (cm−1) in the treated samples were found to be similar compared to the control samples.

Ozone Processing in the Dairy Sector: A review of applications, quality impact and implementation challenges

“…Direct contact of ROS species generated during the process initiates milk protein oxidation, increasing surface hydrophobicity and decreasing free sulfhydryl (-SH) groups. The loss of -SH groups generates disulfide cross-links that can result in protein aggregation, forming larger protein particles (Habib et al, 2022;Nikmaram and Keener, 2022). In addition, an increase in aldehydes may be attributed to the auto-oxidation or spontaneous breakdown of some unsaturated fatty acids in milk, such as oleic and linoleic acids.…”

Pulsed electric field processing in the dairy sector: A review of applications, quality impact and implementation challenges

“…Customers prefer milk products with intact natural characteristics as they have a favourable smell and can ameliorate immunity through present proteins, often lost because of thermal processing (Braun‐Fahrländer & Von Mutius, 2011). To overcome these problems, authors have investigated alternative non‐thermal technologies (Pereira et al ., 2018; Habib et al ., 2022; Mahanta et al ., 2022; Vashisht et al ., 2022, 2023; Ribeiro et al ., 2023). Among them, pulsed electric field (PEF) has risen as a potential technique that can provide an environmentally friendly safety treatment to food products with enhancement in their quality attributes (Gabrić et al ., 2018; Koubaa et al ., 2018; Arshad et al ., 2021; Ranjha et al ., 2021).…”

Testing the Performance of LSTM and ARIMA Models for In-Season Forecasting of Canopy Cover (CC) in Cotton Crops

“…Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in addressing both food security and environmental sustainability concerns [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Researchers have leveraged AI techniques, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), to optimize agricultural practices and mitigate environmental risks.…”