Alleviating the adverse effects of deficit irrigation in Flame seedless grapevine via Paulsen interstock

Abstract

Using interstock with a potential genetic base is considered more recent and sustainable strategy for mitigating the water deficit. This investigation was carried out on transplant of Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapevine grafted onto two rootstocks namely; Freedom (Vitis champinii x 1613C) and 1103Paulsen (vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) with or without 1103Paulsen as interstock to determine its performance under deficit irrigation condition (50% of field capacity). The results indicated that Paulsen as rootstock or as interstock significantly increased the growth vigor of Flame seedless scion as well as the leaf content of total proline, phenols and sugars. Paulsen rootstock has decreased stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate and increased diffusion resistance under 50% deficit irrigation compared with grafting on Freedom rootstock. Moreover, Paulsen as interstock for Flame seedless grafted onto Freedom rootstock significantly increased relative water content accompanied by an increase in thickness of leaf anatomical characters such as midvein, lamina, palisade, xylem and phloem tissue under deficit irrigation compared with grafts without Paulsen interstock. This study suggests that using Paulsen as interstock, can be an adaptation strategy for water stress through controlling in some morphological, chemical physiological and anatomical responses of scion.

Physiological and chemical performance of the Flame seedless grapevine cultivar in the presence of Paulsen 1103 as the interstock

“…Using Paulsen 1103 as the interstock while grafting Flame seedless on Freedom rootstock (FI/P/ Fr) significantly decreased the relative water content (45.357%), transpiration rate (1.503 µg H 2 O/cm 2 .s), and stomatal conductance (0.060 cm/s) of scion leaves, which were related to the lowest values of the morphological parameters (Table 2), compared to the values of the parameters measured in Flame seedless grafted onto Freedom without an interstock (FI/Fr). These results were similar to those found by Fayek, Rashedy and Ali (2022), who reported that the Paulsen interstock caused changes in physiological parameters, such as the relative water content, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of the leaves of the scion grapevine. This effect might be due to the obstruction of water transport to the shoots by the interstock, which led to a reduction in the stomata and reduced the entry of CO 2 and light into the leaf (Zhou et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2016).…”

“…Beckman (2004) used the interstock to avoid spring freeze injury by modifying the bloom and harvest date of peach. In grapevine, the use of Paulsen 1103 as interstock within grafts improved the tolerance of the Flame seedless scion to drought Rashedy;Ali, 2022). The efficiency of the interstock depends on its length.…”

“…The interstock induces chemical and physiological changes in the scion. Fayek, Rashedy and Ali (2022) found that using Paulsen 1103 as interstock with the grafts of Flame seedless under drought stress increased the chemical content (proline, phenols, and total sugar content) in the leaves of the Flame seedless scion, which caused physiological and anatomical changes in the leaves of the Flame seedless scion. Zhao et al (2016) reported that the dwarfing apple interstock increased the peroxidase activity and decreased the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the scion.…”

Wild grapevines as rootstock regulate the oxidative defense system of in vitro grafted scion varieties under drought stress

“…Increased enzymatic activities were also observed by Santos et al [ 39 ] in drought tolerant citrus Rangpur lime and Citrus sunki rootstocks, which were attributed by the efficiently upregulation of APX enzyme activities that assist the elastic properties of grafted ‘Citrus latifolia Tanaka’ cell wall which increased the plant shoot growth under drought stress conditions. Similarly enzymatic activities of peroxidase were also reported to be upregulated significantly in Flame Seedless cultivar when grafted on relatively drought tolerant grapevine rootstock Paulsen [ 46 ].…”

Morphological, physio-biochemical and nutritional status as potential markers for grafting compatibility in Kalamata olive cultivar

“…Grafting Ayvalik and Domat olive cultivars onto Gemlik rootstock showed slowly cambium cells formation, which contains greater concentrations of phenolic compounds (TP) than Sari Ulak and Memecik cultivars [ 10 ]. In grapevine, lower TP content and peroxidase activity in the grafting zone were coincided with a higher grafting compatible in Flame Seedless/Paulsen1103 rootstock than Flame Seedless/Freedom rootstock graft combination [ 11 ]. Also, Paulsen1103 was considered the most strongest compatible rootstock for Vitis vinifera cultivars which was accompanied by the lowest peroxidase activity at the grafting union than Freedom, Salt Creek and 110 Richter rootstocks [ 12 ].…”