Alleviation of abiotic salt stress inOchradenus baccatus(Del.) byTrichoderma hamatum(Bonord.) Bainier

Abstract

The current study was taken up to examine the role of bioagent (Trichoderma hamatum) in mitigating the deleterious effects of NaCl stress in Ochradenus baccatus. Varying concentrations of salt (0, 75, and 150 mM) were used to observe the effect on growth, pigments, some key metabolic attributes, antioxidant enzymes, and elemental accumulation in O. baccatus. The results indicated significant decrease in seed germination, plant growth, pigment content, membrane stability index, tissue water content, and total lipid content with salt stress. Lipid peroxidation increases with the increasing concentration of NaCl. Moreover, salinity stimulated the biosynthesis of phenols, diacylglycerol, sterol esters, nonesterified fatty acids, and enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase. The Na + content in shoot increases with elevated levels of NaCl concentration, accompanied with significant decreases in K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ . Application of bioagent (T. hamatum) has been observed to alleviate the antagonistic effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolic processes. In absence and presence of salt stress, the bioagent stimulated the plant growth and alter the plant metabolism through the modification of the above parameters.

Induction of salt stress tolerance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

“…Activity of APX and GR were further increased by AMF and thus reducing oxidative stress effects of salinity. An increase in activity of antioxidants is often correlated with the enhanced tolerance of plants to stress (Ahmad, 2010;Hashem et al, 2014b). AMF induced significant increase in activity of APX under normal and salt stress in the present study is in concurrence with the results of Abdel Latef and Chaoxing (2011) and .…”

“…Exposure to stress triggers accumulation of proline in plants. The increase in proline content under present study is in corroboration with Ahmad (2010), Alqarawi et al, (2014a) and Hashem et al, (2014b). Harinasut et al (2000) reported manifold increase in proline accumulation in Morus alba plants subjected to salt stress.…”

“…Reduction in chlorophyll contents due to NaCl treatment is in confirmation with the findings of Rasool et al, (2013); Alqarawi et al, (2014a); Alqarawi et al, (2014b) and Hashem et al, (2014b) who have reported a considerable decline in chlorophyll contents of Cicer arietinum; Ephedra aphylla; Ephedra alata and Ochradenus baccatus plants exposed to salinity stress. Salinity causes reduction in synthesis of chlorophyll pigments and alters functioning of pigment protein complex (Rasool et al, 2013;Hameed et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2014).…”

“…Salt stress induced increase in activities of enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (APX and GR) corroborates with the results of Ahmad (2010) for mustard, for Vicia faba and Hashem et al, (2014b) for Ochradenus baccatus. Ascorbate-glutathione cycle involves series of redox reactions involving active engagement of ascorbate, glutathione and NADPH.…”

“…Under salt stress conditions arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are believed to act as essential bio-ameliorators of stress and hence helping plants in alleviating stress induced damage (Ahanger et al, 2014). AMF colonization has been reported to enhance plant growth and vigour (Ahanger et al, 2014;Alqarawi et al, 2014a;Hashem et al, 2014b). AMF colonization brings morphological, nutritional and physiological changes and has also been reported to enhance resistance of plants to abiotic stresses (Hameed et al, 2014).…”