“…The glutathione conjugates of AFB1‐epoxides are water‐soluble aflatoxin mercapturic acids (AFB1‐NAC), making them more soluble and easier to be excreted from the cells (Egner, Groopman, Wang, Kensler, & Friesen, ). Exposure to AFB1 causes poor growth, immunosuppression, behavioral abnormalities, low apparent digestibility, histological changes, reproduction impairment as well as traces of AFB1 accumulation in the liver and other tissues in gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio , white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei , tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and P. monodon (Y. Huang et al, ; Hussain, Mateen, & Gatlin, ; Wang et al, ; Zeng et al, ). Recently, more researchers are focused on the oxidative damage induced by a diet contaminated with AFB1 in aquatic animals including silver catfish Rhamdia quelen and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Souza et al, ; Zeng et al, ).…”