Alleviation of cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi via induction of acquired systemic tolerance

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate cadmium (Cd) stress-induced changes in growth, antioxidants and lipid composition of Solanum lycopersicum with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cadmium stress (50 μM) caused significant changes in the growth and physio-biochemical attributes studied. AMF mitigated the deleterious impact of Cd on the parameters studied. Cadmium stress increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production but AMF reduced these parameters by mitigating oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes enhanced under Cd treatment and AMF inoculation further enhanced their activity, thus strengthening the plant's defense system. Proline and phenol content increased in Cd-treated as well as AMF-inoculated plants providing efficient protection against Cd stress. Cadmium treatment resulted in great alterations in the main lipid classes leading to a marked change in their composition. Cadmium stress caused a significant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in enhanced membrane leakage. The present study supports the use of AMF as a biological means to ameliorate Cd stress-induced changes in tomato.

Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics in Turnip Landraces from China and Assessment of Their Phytoremediation Potential for Contaminated Soils

“…Because Cd is a non-essential element in plants, excessive Cd absorbed in plants directly influences their normal physiological function. The symptoms are usually characterized by growth inhibition, leaf chlorosis, metabolic block, and even plant death (Abd Allah et al, 2015; Hashem et al, 2016). Moreover, the absorbed Cd can poison other organisms, including humans, along the food chain (Amna et al, 2015; Tauqeer et al, 2016).…”

Protective Role of the Seaweed Halimeda opuntia Extract on Cadmium-Stressed Eruca sativa (Mill.)

“…MDA is a well-known index for oxidative stress severity and the elevation of MDA indirectly indicates an increase in ROS. The increase in MDA content in Cd-stressed plants was observed in a number of plant studies (Hashema et al, 2016). The accumulation of MDA, which is the decomposition product of polyunsaturated fatty acids of bio-membranes refer to the insufficiency of suitable antioxidant system to overcome the over-production of ROS generated under cadmium stress.…”

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with acacia trees in southwestern Saudi Arabia

“…Other studies on spore morphology carried out in Saudi Arabia showed that AMF associated with A. ehrenbergiana and A. gerrardii were assigned only to Glomus and Claroideoglomus genera [16,18]. The genus Glomus was the most dominant followed by Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Claroideoglomus, and Scutellospora.…”

“…The genus Glomus was the most dominant followed by Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Claroideoglomus, and Scutellospora. The predominance of Glomus species in most ecosystems of Saudi Arabia [18], Senegal [14,45], China [46], and central Europe [47] suggests a better adaptation of this genus fungi to diverse environmental conditions such as drought, cold, and salinity [48]. Other reports [49,50] show that the dominance of fungi of the Glomus and Acaulospora genera was related to their sporogenous characteristics, especially the production of small spores within a short period of time compared with other genera such as Gigaspora and Scutellospora.…”

“…Previous reports from Saudi Arabia have described the symbiosis between AMF and some acacia species. Their objective was essential to check the presence of AMF and their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metals and salt stress tolerance of plants . However, studies on AMF communities of acacia species are very scarce and AMF identification is limited to spore morphology .…”