Alleviation of LPS-Induced Inflammation and Septic Shock by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 Lysates

Abstract

We previously showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 and its cell wall components have immunoregulatory effects. In this study, we demonstrate that pre-treatment of L. plantarum K8 lysates reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production in THP-1 cells by down-regulating the early signals of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The down-regulation of signals may be caused by the induction of negative regulators involved in toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. However, co-treatment with high concentrations of L. plantarum K8 lysates and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated the late signaling of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and NF-κB pathways and resulted in the induction of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. Intraperitoneal injection of L. plantarum K8 lysates in LPS-induced endotoxin shock mice alleviated mortality and reduced serum tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In addition, the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased in livers from mice injected with L. plantarum K8 followed by LPS. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver showed that the cell size was enlarged by LPS injection and slightly reduced by L. plantarum K8 lysate pre-injection followed by LPS injection. Macrophage infiltration of the liver also decreased in response to the combination injection compared with mice injected with only LPS. Taken together, our results show that although L. plantarum K8 lysates differentially regulated the production of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells, the lysates inhibited overall inflammation in mice. Thus, this study suggests that L. plantarum K8 lysates could be developed as a substance that modulates immune homeostasis by regulating inflammation.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of MSF, a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 Lysate Fermented with Filipendula glaberrima Extract

“…Compared with the previously reported anti-inflammatory effects of K8 lysates [11], there are several differences in the anti-inflammatory effects induced by MSF. Whereas K8 lysates induced suppression of TNF-α expression through SOCS-1 and A20, MSF acted only through A20.…”

“…It is mainly present in fermented vegetable-based foods, and the L. plantarum K8 strain isolated from kimchi is particularly active in sour kimchi. In a recent study, we reported that L. plantarum K8 lysates showed anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock in mice [11]. However, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of L. plantarum K8 lysates is lower than that of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) isolated from the L. plantarum K8 cell wall [12], and to induce a similar anti-inflammatory effect using lysates, a five-fold increase in lysates must be used.…”

Immunomodulatory Activity on Human Macrophages by Cell-Free Supernatants to Explore the Probiotic and Postbiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains of Plant Origin

“…In our study, only IL-8 secreted levels were significantly reduced using CFS from all strains. A differential induction, depending both on the specific proinflammatory cytokine and on postbiotic concentration, was recently described using lysates from a probiotic L. plantarum strain [110], pointing to a high complexity of the immunoregulative patterns.…”

Lactobacillus plantarum improves LPS-induced Caco2 cell line intestinal barrier damage via cyclic AMP-PKA signaling

“…Silencing experiments confirmed that the protective effect of LP may be realized through inhibition of MAPK and NFκB pathways [ 36 ]. A number of experiments have also shown that LP reduces inflammation and increase tight junction protein expression to protect host cells by inhibiting the NFκB pathway [ 37 – 41 ]. Studies have shown that lactobacillus inhibits the upregulation of IL-6 and CXCL8 through TLR negative regulators (A20, Tollip, SIGIRR, and IRAKM), P38 MAPK and P65 NF-κB signaling pathways, thus playing a protective role in regulating immunity [ 42 , 43 ].…”