Allgemeiner Staubgrenzwert (A‐Fraktion) (Granuläre biobeständige Stäube (GBS)) [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2012]

doi:10.1002/3527600418.mb0230stwd0053

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 177 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At neutral pH 7.4 (Gamble's solution), approximately 6 mg l À1 of the Eu 2 O 3 particles were dissolved (see Table 2 including footnote). Thus, the value for this Eu 2 O 3 fraction was close to 1 mg l À1 or lower, which was recently discussed as a reasonable threshold for defining "low soluble" dusts (discussion on granular, biopersistent dusts (MAK, 2012). The dissolution of the Eu 2 O 3 particles revealed the highest amount at a lower pH value of 4.5 (artificial lysosomal fluid; see Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Translocation and biokinetic behavior of nanoscaled europium oxide particles within 5 days following an acute inhalation in rats

Creutzenberg

Kock

Schaudien

2015

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanoscaled europium oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ) particles were inhaled by rats after acute exposure and the potential translocation of particles followed by chemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was investigated. An aqueous dispersion (phosphate buffer/bovine serum albumin) of a commercially available Eu 2 O 3 particle fraction consisting partially of nanoscaled particles was aerosolized with pressurized air. After rapid evaporation, rats inhaled the dry aerosol for 6 h in a single exposure resulting in an alveolar calculated dose of approximately 39.5 μg Eu 2 O 3 . Using chemical analysis, 36.8 μg Eu 2 O 3 was detected 1 h after lung inhalation. The amount declined slightly to 34.5 μg after 1 day and 35.0 μg after 5 days. The liver showed an increase of Eu 2 O 3 from 32.3 ng 1 h up to 294 ng 5 days after inhalation. Additionally, lung-associated lymph nodes, thymus, kidneys, heart and testis exhibited an increase of europium over the period investigated. In the blood, the highest amount of europium was found 1 h after treatment whereas feces, urine and mesenteric lymph nodes revealed the highest amount 1 day after treatment. Using TEM analysis, particles could be detected only in lungs, and in the liver, no particles were detectable. In conclusion, the translocation of Eu 2 O 3 within 5 days following inhalation could be determined very precisely by chemical analysis. A translocation of Eu 2 O 3 particulate matter to liver was not detectable by TEM analysis; thus, the overproportional level of 0.8% of the lung load observed in the liver after 5 days suggests a filtering effect of dissolved europium with accumulation. Copyright

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Translocation beyond the respiratory tract is predominantly caused by dissolution behavior of the test item. However, there is still a debate on how to define the threshold for the attribution of a "low soluble dust" label (MAK, 2012). Chemical analysis represents a suitable technique to investigate the translocation of particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%