Allicin attenuates H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in retinal pigmented epithelial cells by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species

Tu, Gerile; Zhang, Yu‐Feng; Wei, Wei; Li, Langen; Zhang, Yanmei; Yang, Jia; Xing, Yiqiao

doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.4797

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…H 2 O 2 not only reduced cell viability, but also induced apoptosis. These findings are consistent with the results of a previous study (18). H 2 O 2 -mediated apoptosis is a mixed response involving numerous apoptotic pathways, which includes activation of the caspase pathways and dysregulation of the Bcl-2/Bax balance (19,20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

BMP‑6 protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress‑induced injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways

et al. 2018

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Worldwide, neovascular age‑related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the most common causes of blindness in the elderly. In particular, degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells represents the main pathological process in the development of nAMD, and oxidative stress serves a major role. The present study aimed to investigate the association between bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP‑6) and nAMD. BMP‑6 concentration was significantly reduced in patients with wet nAMD compared with in the control group. Furthermore, the present study investigated the protective effects of BMP‑6 on RPE cells following oxidative stress‑induced injury. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling staining demonstrated that BMP‑6 increased RPE cell viability, which was decreased following treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reduced H2O2‑induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that BMP‑6 reversed the decrease in pro‑caspase‑3 levels and the dysregulation of the B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) balance caused by H2O2. In addition, alterations in c‑Jun N‑terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were examined, and pretreatment with BMP‑6 was demonstrated to reduce H2O2‑induced activation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Conversely, the effects of BMP‑6 were attenuated by its inhibitor noggin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that BMP‑6 may protect RPE cells from oxidative stress injury to a certain extent, which may be associated with alterations in the MAPK signaling pathway. However, the specific mechanism of action underlying this effect requires further investigation. Overall, the present study laid a foundation for exploring novel nAMD treatment methods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

BMP‑6 protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress‑induced injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways

et al. 2018

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“…The very different response of the cell lines to synthetic allicin and garlic juice in causing changes of DCFDA fluorescence clearly illustrates that caution is always necessary when interpreting the effects of “complex preparations” from nature, even if they contain known, physiologically active molecules. Many studies set an “allicin” equivalent with directly extracted garlic, or complex mixtures containing allicin with different degrees of purity [61,62]. Our data clearly show that it is crucial to clearly define the source and purity of the allicin used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Effects of Allicin, a Reactive Sulfur Species from Garlic, on a Selection of Mammalian Cell Lines

et al. 2016

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a spice and medicinal plant since ancient times. Garlic produces the thiol-reactive defence substance, allicin, upon wounding. The effects of allicin on human lung epithelium carcinoma (A549), mouse fibroblast (3T3), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), human colon carcinoma (HT29) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were tested. To estimate toxic effects of allicin, we used a standard MTT-test (methylthiazoltetrazolium) for cell viability and 3H-thymidine incorporation for cell proliferation. The glutathione pool was measured using monobromobimane and the formation of reactive species was identified using 2′,7′-dichlorofluoresceine-diacetate. The YO-PRO-1 iodide staining procedure was used to estimate apoptosis. Allicin reduced cell viability and cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. In the bimane test, it was observed that cells treated with allicin showed reduced fluorescence, suggesting glutathione oxidation. The cell lines tested differed in sensitivity to allicin in regard to viability, cell proliferation and glutathione oxidation. The 3T3 and MCF-7 cells showed a higher proportion of apoptosis compared to the other cell types. These data show that mammalian cell lines differ in their sensitivity and responses to allicin.

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“…Allicin has a direct antioxidant effect, acting as a scavenger of free radicals or inhibiting lipid peroxidation ( 4 , 42 ). Allicin attenuates oxidative stress by reducing the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA and enhancing the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio ( 43 ). In line with the previous studies, the decreased MDA and protein carbonyl in serum, thymus, and spleen of REV-challenged chickens by allicin supplementation indicated the attenuated oxidative damage induced by REV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allicin Alleviates Reticuloendotheliosis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression via ERK/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Specific Pathogen-Free Chickens

et al. 2017

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Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a gammaretrovirus in the Retroviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic, and runting–stunting syndrome in multiple avian hosts. Allicin, the main effective component of garlic, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. The hypothesis that allicin could relieve REV-induced immune dysfunction was investigated in vivo and in vitro in the present study. The results showed that dietary allicin supplementation ameliorated REV-induced dysplasia and immune dysfunction in REV-infected chickens. Compared with the control groups, REV infection promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas, allicin reversed these changes induced by REV infection. The decreased levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-2 were observed in REV-infected chickens, which were significantly improved by allicin. Allicin suppressed the REV-induced high expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kappa B p65. REV stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, the downstream key signaling molecules of MAPK pathway, while allicin retarded the augmented phosphorylation level induced by REV infection. The decreased phosphorylation level of ERK was associated with REV replication, suggesting that ERK signaling is involved in REV replication, and allicin can alleviate the REV-induced immune dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of ERK. In addition, REV infection induced oxidative damage in thymus and spleen, whereas allicin treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress induced by REV infection, suggesting that the antioxidant effect of allicin should be at least partially responsible for the harmful effect of REV infection. In conclusion, the findings suggest that allicin alleviates the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by REV infection and exerts the potential anti-REV effect by blocking the ERK/MAPK pathway.

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Allicin attenuates H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in retinal pigmented epithelial cells by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

BMP‑6 protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress‑induced injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways

BMP‑6 protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress‑induced injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways

The Effects of Allicin, a Reactive Sulfur Species from Garlic, on a Selection of Mammalian Cell Lines

Allicin Alleviates Reticuloendotheliosis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression via ERK/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Specific Pathogen-Free Chickens

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