Allium sativum (Garlic) and cancer prevention

Lau, Benjamin H.S.; Tadi, Padma P.; Tosk, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80057-0

Cited by 101 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…1) It contains a variety of volatile oils that are pharmacologically active [2][3][4][5][6] and have been identiˆed by gas chromatography. 7) Among these organosulfur compounds (OSCs), diallyl sulˆde (DAS), diallyl disulˆde (DADS), and diallyl trisulˆde (DATS) are the three major components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Concentration of Diallyl Trisulfide in Rat Whole Blood Using Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection and Identification of Its Major Metabolite with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Sun

Guo

et al. 2006

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

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A simple, rapid, and sensitive procedure has been developed using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection to measure diallyl trisulˆde levels in rat blood. Blood samples were acidiˆed, and the analyte was extracted with hexane, and then degradation was stopped with acetonitrile before gas chromatographic separation. Two calibration curves were linear over the range of 10-500 ng/ml and 0.2-20 mg/ml, with typical r values of 0.9986 and 0.9993, respectively. The structure of its major metabolite was conˆrmed using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The limit of detection was less than 10 ng/ml, and the assay was highly reproducible, giving peaks with excellent chromatographic properties. The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic and therapeutic purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Concentration of Diallyl Trisulfide in Rat Whole Blood Using Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection and Identification of Its Major Metabolite with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Sun

Guo

et al. 2006

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

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“…It has been observed that garlic exerts anticarcinogenic properties (Lau et al, 1990;Dorant et al, 1993). Allyl sulfides, which are organosulfur compounds found in garlic extracts, may account for the anticarcinogenic properties of the plant, since they have been shown to inhibit the initiation of chemical carcinogenesis in laboratory animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of dietary diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on rat intestinal and hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes

Haber

Siess²,

Canivenc-Lavier³

et al. 1995

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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The chemopreventive properties of allyl sulfides on carcinogenesis may be related to the modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in carcinogen activation or detoxication. In order to investigate the effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) on intestinal and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, rats were fed a diet containing 0.2% of either allyl sulfide. The DADS enhanced intestinal epoxide hydrolase (EH) and cytochrome P-450 (P-450) 2B1/2 protein levels and the activities of pentoxy- and benzyl-oxyresorufin O-dealkylases, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyl transferase and glutathione S-transferase, and decreased nitrosodimethylamine demethylase activity. In liver, DADS produced similar effects and, in addition, increased P-450 1A1/2 protein level and phenoxazone metabolizing activities (ethoxy- and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylases), p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronyl transferase, and decreased P-450 2E1 level. The DAS enhanced only EH activity in the small intestine and induced P-450 2B1/2 and epoxide hydrolase protein levels. In liver, DAS produced similar effects as DADS. The different effects of DAS on intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes, compared to liver, could be ascribed to less metabolism of this compound in small intestine. It is also suggested that DAS and DADS may not yield the same metabolites and therefore would have different effects on intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes.

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“…Compounds of garlic were mentioned as inhibitors of tumour promotion (Davis, 1989). Based on the results from experimental and epidemiologic studies, Lau et al (1990) (Bertram et al, 1987;Malone, 1989;Wattenberg, 1985;1990 (Malone, 1989), in vitro experiments on the identification of promising compounds are reviewed first. Next, in vivo screening tests involving animal models to evaluate the efficacy of compounds against carcinogenic agents at specific target sites, are reviewed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Garlic and its significance for the prevention of cancer in humans: a critical view

Dorant¹,

Brandt²,

Goldbohm³

et al. 1993

Br J Cancer

194

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Summary Recently published results of epidemiologic case-control studies in China and Italy on gastric carcinoma in relation to diet suggest that consuming garlic may reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Chemical constituents of garlic have been tested for their inhibiting effect on carcinogenesis, using in vitro and in vivo models. In most experiments inhibition of tumour growth was established using fresh garlic extract, garlic compounds or synthetically prepared analogs. In this review the strengths and weaknesses of the experiments are discussed and the outcomes are evaluated to assess the possible significance of garlic or garlic compounds for the prevention of cancer in humans. It is concluded that evidence from laboratory experiments and epidemiologic studies is presently not conclusive as to the preventive activity of garlic. However, the available evidence warrants further research into the possible role of garlic in the prevention of cancer in humans.Elimination of carcinogenic substances from the environment is the preferable method to prevent malignant tumour development. However, contact with carcinogenic substances is not always avoidable (Wattenberg, 1985;Weinstein, 1981). Therefore, chemoprevention, in which the occurrence of cancer is prevented by administration of inhibitory compounds, has received increased attention (Malone, 1989; Wattenberg, 1985).The relation between the use of allium vegetables, especially garlic (Allium sativum, a member of the genus Allium to which some 500 species belong), and its constituents, and the occurrence of cancer in humans is of particular interest in this respect. In a number of reviews on the effects of garlic on health, possible preventive effects on the development of cancer in humans have been mentioned. Fenwick and Hanley (1985) reviewed experimental studies designed to demonstrate any anticancer activity of garlic, together with the results of an epidemiological study in China in which death rates between two adjacent provinces were compared. In the latter study the highest gastric death rate had been found in the province with the lowest intake. The possible anticancer activity of garlic was illustrated in an earlier review of two studies reporting the inhibition of transplanted tumours in mice (Bolton et al., 1982). In a publication on new dietary anticarcinogens and the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer, diallylsulfide, a component of garlic, was identified as a suppressing agent in dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon and nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced oesophageal cancer development in rats (Wargovich, 1988). Suggested inhibitory mechanisms were evaluated in a review of selected recent publications on the effects of garlic on tumour formation in experimental animals (Sumiyoshi & Wargovich, 1989). In an earlier review free radical scavenging activity, immune system modulation and direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells were discussed (Abdullah et al., 1988 (Bertram et al., 1987;Malone, 1989; Wattenberg, 1985;1990 (Malone, 1989), in vitro ...

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Allium sativum (Garlic) and cancer prevention

Cited by 101 publications

References 38 publications

Determination of the Concentration of Diallyl Trisulfide in Rat Whole Blood Using Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection and Identification of Its Major Metabolite with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Determination of the Concentration of Diallyl Trisulfide in Rat Whole Blood Using Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection and Identification of Its Major Metabolite with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Differential effects of dietary diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on rat intestinal and hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes

Garlic and its significance for the prevention of cancer in humans: a critical view

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