Allocating the Costs of Reactive Power Purchased in an Ancillary Service Market by Modified Y-Bus Matrix Method

Application of ANN to Real and Reactive Power Allocation Scheme

“…For example the proposed methods use each load current as a function of individual generators' current and voltage. This is different from the Chu's Method (Chu & Liao, 2004), where each load voltage is represented as a function of individual generators' voltage only. The proposed MNE Method for reactive power allocation is enhanced by utilizing ANN.…”

Reactive power compensation considering high harmonics generation from internal and external nonlinear load

“…However, electric technical complexes at modern enterprises have most loads presented by nonlinear receivers [3][4][5]. That is why the relevant legislation in many countries does not fix rates, discounts and additional charges to pay for reactive power, leaving it for electricity supplies agreements between parties [6][7][8]. Charging for reactive power consumed may approach as much as 10% of the active power cost.…”

Reactive Power Market-Management Considering Uncertainties of Load and Power of Wind Powerhouses

“…Due to simultaneous transmission of active and reactive powers in lines, however, the precise amount of participation of each unit is difficult to determine and, to some extents, is subjective [4][5][6][7]. Reactive power costs include explicit and implicit costs.…”