Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: An overview of obstacles and opportunities

Abstract

As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and post-transplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.

Diagnosis of Cutaneous Acute Graft‑Versus‑Host Disease Through Circulating Plasma miR‐638, miR‐6511b‐5p, miR‐3613‐5p, miR‐455‐3p, miR‐5787, and miR‐548a‐3p as Prospective Noninvasive Biomarkers Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

“…After allo-HSCT, aGVHD is a frequent complexity that can happen, especially in those with AML [17,18]. For prompt diagnosis, a precise prognosis, and efficient therapy of aGVHD, it is crucial to find trustworthy, non-invasive biomarkers that may be used to predict, and evaluate the outcomes in aGVHD following allo-HSCT [1,11,19,20].…”

NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress signaling in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia

“…AML is a group of hematologic malignancies with high heterogeneity which is also extended to their metabolic profiles [ 24 – 26 ]. It was reported recently that FLT3/ITD induce a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis via AKT-mediated upregulation of mitochondrial hexokinase (HK2), and render AML cells highly dependent on glycolysis [ 25 ].…”

MRI and Single-cell RNA Sequence Results Reveal the Influence of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury on Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

“…Among these ligaments, the anterior talo bular ligament (ATFL) is the most frequently injured one. 4 Studies have shown that among all ankle joint ligament injuries, ATFL accounts for as high as 66%. 5,6 The ankle joint typical symptoms are persistent stiffness, swelling as well as pain, which may be accompanied by secondary synovitis, tendinitis and muscle weakness.…”