Allogenic chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds for articular cartilage defect treatment

Abstract

The medical community has expressed significant interest in the treatment of cartilage defect. Successful repair of articular cartilage defects remains a challenge in clinics. Due to the huge advantages of 3D micro/nanomaterials, 3D artificial micro/nano scaffolds have been widely developed and explored in the tissue repair of articular joints. In this study, chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) bioceramic scaffold and chondrocyte-loaded b-TCP bioceramic scaffold were prepared by micromass stem cell culture and bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture for articular cartilage defect treatment. The results demonstrate chondrocyte and osteoblast can be successfully induced from allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells using micromass stem cell culture. Further, chondrocyte-loaded b-TCP scaffold and osteoblast-loaded b-TCP scaffold can be successfully prepared by bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture. Finally, the scaffolds are applied for Beagle articular cartilage defect treatment. The relative cartilage regeneration abilities on Beagle femoral trochleae were as follows: Chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded b-TCP bioceramic scaffold group > chondrocyte-loaded b-TCP bioceramic scaffold group > b-TCP bioceramic scaffold. Therefore, micromass stem cell culture and bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture can be applied to prepare chondrocyte/osteoblastloaded b-TCP bioceramic scaffold for articular cartilage defect treatment. It suggests allogenic chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded b-TCP bioceramic scaffold could be potentially used in the treatment of patients with cartilage defects.

Bone defect reconstruction via endochondral ossification: A developmental engineering strategy

“…121 In another study, CaP-coated HAp mineral particles have been shown to promote the gene expression of chondrogenic markers and enhance the hypertrophic phenotype of ESC aggregates in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. 67 β-TCP has been shown to promote cartilage regeneration and biomineralization 122 and support endochondral bone formation 123 because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. β-TCP is often combined with other materials to enhance the chondrogenic and endochondral potential of scaffolds.…”

“…β-TCP has been shown to promote cartilage regeneration and biomineralization 122 and support endochondral bone formation 123 because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. β-TCP is often combined with other materials to enhance the chondrogenic and endochondral potential of scaffolds.…”

Allogeneic chondrocyte implantation: What is stopping it from being a standard of care?

“…[6,7] Despite the huge potential, limitations exist with respect to culture and clinical domains, and we attempt to provide an account of the same [Table 1], with potential solutions to tackle them. Various important studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] conducted to highlight the…”

“…No significant differences were observed between the transplantation of conventional fresh chondrocyte sheets and vitrified chondrocyte sheets. Wu et al [11] Explore the application of 3D micromass stem cell culture for chondrocyte and osteoblast induction prior to bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture for treatment behavior of chondrocyte and osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds for articular cartilage defect treatment.…”

Chondrogenic potential of manganese-loaded composite scaffold combined with chondrocytes for articular cartilage defect

“…Mn deficiency has been shown to cause a reduction in proteoglycan levels and qualitative changes in glycosylation, resulting in reduced osteogenesis and osteoclast activity [ 24 , 25 ]. Previous studies revealed that Mn 2+ incorporation in inorganic materials, including calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, is likely to improve their biological performance in terms of bioactivity and acceleration of bone mineralization [ 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, it would be a good idea to explore the Mn 2+ incorporation in polymer scaffolds for cartilage repair.…”