Allograft inflammatory factor-1 in disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): Molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation against immune challenge and tissue injury

First molluscan transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1) member from disk abalone and its expression profiling against immune challenge and tissue injury

“…Results revealed that there is significant wound healing occurred within 36e72 h [35]. We previously identified up-regulation of abalone allograft inflammatory factor (AbAIF-1) and SeGPx expression in hemocytes after mantle tissue injury which indicated the activation of inflammatory and oxidative responses after the injury [25]. These findings were supported to hypothesis that AbAp-1 may respond to tissue injury at the transcriptional level.…”

“…In addition, oxidants and inflammatory mediators such as TNFa induce NF-kB and Ap-1 for enhancing the expression of both proinflammatory and antioxidant genes in mammals [44]. In our previous study, we showed elevated allograft inflammatory factor (AIF-1) and selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx) expression in abalone hemocytes after tissue injury [25]. In the present study, we showed simultaneously elevated Ap-1, NF-kB, LITAF, and TNF-a in mantle after tissue injury.…”

“…To our knowledge, there is no information relating to the molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation of Ap-1 in the phylum mollusk. In abalone, several immune functional genes have been cloned and characterized which are associated with pattern recognition [17] antiviral (Mx) [18], antigen processing (interferon gamma) inducible lysosomal thiol reductase e"GILT") [19], cytokine regulation (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2-"SOCS-2" [20], inflammatory and apoptosis (TNF-a, Fas ligand) [21,22], antimicrobial response (defensin) [23], regulation of transcription (Rel family nuclear factor kappa B-"Rel/NF-kB" and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-a factor-"LITAF") [24] and inflammatory response (Allograft inflammatory factor-"AIF") [25]. The recognition of various immune genes and their similar homology to vertebrates provide clues that the abalone has diversified and complex immune system but regulatory mechanisms of those are largely unknown.…”

Transcriptional analysis of disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) antioxidant enzymes against marine bacteria and virus challenge

“…In the bacterial challenge experiment, three bacterial strains were obtained from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures including two Gram-negative strains, V. alginolyticus (KCTC2472), V. parahemolyticus (KCTC2729); and, one Gram-positive strain, L. monocytogenes (KCTC3710). Bacteria culture was done according to the method described in our previous report [22].…”

Homolog of allograft inflammatory factor-1 induces macrophage migration during innate immune response in leech

“…Subsequently, AIF-1-like factors sharing a well-preserved amino-acid sequence and functional role have been described in other groups of metazoans. Data in the literature have indeed shown that AIF-1 expression increases significantly after transplantation, wound healing or bacterial infections, both in vertebrate and in invertebrate species (Utans et al 1995;Kruse et al 1999;Watano et al 2001;de Zoysa et al 2010;Zhang et al 2011) suggesting that this factor is involved in the inflammatory response and in immune system regulation. Despite extensive investigation focused on both the molecular characteristics and the expression level of AIF-1 during the inflammatory response or wound healing, the physiological role of this protein in the regulation of the immune system remains unclear.…”