Allometric analysis of organ weights: II. Beagle dogs

L, Lützen; Trieb, G.; Pappritz, G.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(76)90077-6

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is well known that this cusp often reveals a remarkable thickening and opacity even in young dogs together with a unique histological structure (5, 6. The expected heart weights in this series (= y) were almost identical with those (= x) found previously by Li~tzen et al (8). Moreover, this part seems to be very vulnerable and is often subject to pathological stress manifestations (15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Allometric analysis of the atrioventricular heart-valve weights in beagle dogs

Pappritz¹,

Schneider²,

Trieb³

1977

Basic Res Cardiol

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A statistical analysis of atrioventricular heart valve weights of 218 beagle dogs was performed. Applying the allometric function, the correlation between body or heart weight and the weights of the mitral valve, tricuspid valve-angular/parietal leaflet and tricuspid valve-septal leaflet could be described statistically. In the age range between 2 and 81 weeks a significant linear, positive correlation was found for all three parts. The mitral valve and the angular and parietal leaflet of the tricuspid valve show a negative allometry or slower growth rate than body or heart, whereas the septal leaflet grows isometrically. Sex differences were not found. The relevance of such data for the evaluation of certain pathological findings is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In dogs, the allometric growth constant (b) of these two valvular parts in relation to body weight lies between 0.80 and 0.86 and is therefore comparable with the growth rate of lung or liver, for example (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Allometric analysis of the atrioventricular heart-valve weights in beagle dogs

Pappritz¹,

Schneider²,

Trieb³

1977

Basic Res Cardiol

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“…The third argument consistent with a cranial shift in support roles is that puppies have a relatively voluminous belly and a cylindrical trunk compared to the conical trunk form that adult dogs show. Abdominal organs such as spleen or kidneys show negative allometry, while the heart (Lützen et al, ; but see Deavers et al, ) and the stomach exhibit positive allometry in various mammals (guinea pig: Bessesen and Carlson, ; dog: Deavers et al, ; Lützen et al, ; rat: Stewart and German, ). Furthermore, to fuel ontogenetic growth and provide the developing body with the tissue necessary for digestion and absorption of high dietary loads, the small intestine is relatively larger in juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic change of the weight support pattern in growing dogs

et al. 2014

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Weight support patterns vary widely among mammals. Differences in how much of the body weight is supported by the fore- versus the hind-limbs are well documented among and within species. Intraindividual variation due to ontogenetic processes has been studied in several hindlimb-dominated species and consistently showed a caudal shift in the limbs' support roles. We hypothesized that forelimb-dominated species exhibit a cranial shift in their support pattern and tested this hypothesis by examining the vertical ground reaction forces in growing dogs. Six male Beagle siblings were studied from 9 to 51 postnatal weeks (PW) of age while they trotted on an instrumented treadmill. Ontogenetic shifting in fore-to-hind support was evaluated using vertical force ratios (i.e., peak and impulse) as well as the stance time ratio of the fore- and the hind-limbs. Because morphological and kinematic characteristics influence weight support patterns, changes in body shape (i.e., trunk shape), and average limb position were determined. As in adult dogs, the forelimbs carried a greater proportion of the body weight than the hindlimbs at all ages. When the dogs were younger, peak vertical force occurred earlier during stance in the hindlimbs but not the forelimbs. Both the increasing ratio of the vertical force and the increasing ratio of the stance times indicate an increasing weight support by the forelimbs (i.e., 59% at PW9 vs. 63% at PW51). The observed ontogenetic changes in trunk shape and average limb angle were consistent with this cranial shift in weight support.

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“…25 With the possible exception of Beagles, 4,24 adoption of these practices for dogs is problematic, given the limited amount of published information available on canine morphometrics, growth, and organ weights 13 and the profound effect that breed, sex, and age have on these parameters. 16,40 In our population, death due to emaciation in dogs <6 months of age was uncommon (1 in 33 dogs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumstances, Descriptive Characteristics, and Pathologic Findings in Dogs Suspected of Starving

et al. 2016

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The authors reviewed the case circumstances, population characteristics, gross, and histopathologic findings in 40 cases of emaciated dogs with a suspected diagnosis of starvation. The dogs' estimated age ranged from 3 months to geriatric. Nineteen breeds were represented, including small-breed (n ¼ 11), large-breed (n ¼ 13), and pit bull-type (n ¼ 16) dogs. The median body condition score was 1 out of 9 (Purina scale). Various diseases were identified as the cause of death in 7 dogs, while the cause of death in the other 33 dogs was starvation due to exogenous causes (SEC). Circumstances associated exclusively with SEC included being found in a vacated residence and death during temperature extremes or severe weather. Dogs with SEC did not differ significantly from diseased dogs in body condition score, sex, neuter status, or breed category (small, large, or pit bull type). Gross findings associated exclusively with SEC included severe hair matting and traumatic injuries. Diseased dogs had an empty stomach significantly more often than SEC dogs, which frequently had food and/or foreign material in the stomach. In 5 of the 7 cases where disease was the cause of death, disease involved the gastrointestinal tract. Gross and histopathologic changes commonly found in SEC and diseased dogs included the following: gross loss of muscle mass and absence of subcuticular fat; serous atrophy of omental, perirenal, epicardial, and bone marrow fat; atrophy of the liver, skin, thyroid gland, and testicle; gastric mucosal petechiae and ecchymoses; melena; and splenic hemosiderophages.

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Allometric analysis of organ weights: II. Beagle dogs

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Allometric analysis of the atrioventricular heart-valve weights in beagle dogs

Allometric analysis of the atrioventricular heart-valve weights in beagle dogs

Ontogenetic change of the weight support pattern in growing dogs

Circumstances, Descriptive Characteristics, and Pathologic Findings in Dogs Suspected of Starving

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