Allometric growth and carbon storage in the mangrove Sonneratia apetala

Zhu, Dehuang; Hui, Dafeng; Wang, Mengqi; Yang, Qiong; Li, Zhen; Huang, Zijian; Yuan, Hanmeng; Yu, Shanshan

doi:10.1007/s11273-020-09772-7

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The present study further revealed that belowground biomass carbon density showed more significant variability between temperate desert and temperate steppe, while the trend of soil carbon density was relatively similar. This phenomenon is mainly due to the fact that belowground biomass carbon density is directly affected by the cycle of plant growth and decline [44], and its trend is thus relatively drastic. In contrast, soil carbon density reflects more complex carbon cycling processes, such as decomposition, mineralisation, and humification of organic carbon, which are usually more peaceful, thus keeping soil carbon density relatively stable.…”

Section: Soil Carbon Density In Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Density in Plant–Soil System of Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert in the Longzhong Loess Plateau

Li,

He,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Grassland, as a key component of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, is vital in confronting global climate change. Characterising the carbon density of grassland ecosystems in the Longzhong Loess Plateau is important for accurately assessing the contribution of grasslands to global climate change and achieving the goal of “peak carbon” and “carbon neutral”. In this study, the Longzhong Loess Plateau was used as the research object to explore changes in the plant–soil system carbon density in two grassland types by analysing the aboveground vegetation biomass carbon density, belowground vegetation biomass carbon density, 0–100 cm soil carbon density, and ecosystem carbon density of temperate steppe and temperate desert. The results showed that the vegetation biomass (standing and living, litter, and belowground biomass), soil, and ecosystem carbon densities of the temperate steppe were significantly higher than those of the temperate desert (p < 0.05). Their carbon densities were 700.51, 7612.95, and 8313.45 g·m−2, respectively. The vertical distribution of belowground biomass and soil carbon density in the temperate steppe was significantly higher than that in the temperate desert. The overall trend of belowground biomass carbon density in the temperate steppe and temperate desert showed a gradual decrease, whereas soil carbon density showed a steady increase. More than 91% and 96% of the carbon was stored in soil in the temperate steppe and temperate desert, respectively, and the belowground biomass carbon stock accounted for more than 84% of the total biomass carbon pools in both temperate steppe and temperate desert. Temperate steppe has a significant effect in improving the carbon stock of grassland ecosystems, so ecological protection and restoration of grassland should be strengthened in the future to enhance the capacity of grassland to sequester carbon and increase sinks.

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Section: Soil Carbon Density In Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Density in Plant–Soil System of Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert in the Longzhong Loess Plateau

Li,

He,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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“…The surface area of S. apetala trees is estimated using the model of the "Modelling scenarios" section (shown in Fig. 5b) and their tree weight using the biomass allometric relationships of Zhu et al 79 Mangrove stability is calculated using the full range for the empirical coefficient for overturning ( C r = 60 − 200 m 2 /s 272 ), since there is no specific information of C r values for mangroves, and using the expected range of modulus of rupture for S. apetala ( σ u = 37±7 N/mm 2 ) 55 .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Mangrove Failure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating mangrove growth and failure in coastal flood protection designs

Gijón Mancheño,

Vuik,

van Wesenbeeck

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Mangrove forests reduce wave attack along tropical and sub-tropical coastlines, decreasing the wave loads acting on coastal protection structures. Mangrove belts seaward of embankments can therefore lower their required height and decrease their slope protection thickness. Wave reduction by mangroves depends on tree frontal surface area and stability against storms, but both aspects are often oversimplified or neglected in coastal protection designs. Here we present a framework to evaluate how mangrove belts influence embankment designs, including mangrove growth over time and failure by overturning and trunk breakage. This methodology is applied to Sonneratia apetala mangroves seaward of embankments in Bangladesh, considering forest widths between 10 and 1000 m (cross-shore). For water depths of 5 m, wave reduction by mangrove forests narrower than 1 km mostly affects the slope protection and the bank erodibility, whereas the required embankment height is less influenced by mangroves. Sonneratia apetala trees experience a relative maximum in wave attenuation capacity at 10 years age, due to their large submerged canopy area. Once trees are more than 20 years old, their canopy is emergent, and most wave attenuation is caused by trunk and roots. Canopy emergence exposes mangroves to wind loads, which are much larger than wave loads, and can cause tree failure during cyclones. These results stress the importance of including tree surface area and stability models when predicting coastal protection by mangroves.

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“…The forces are calculated at the edge of the forest (neglecting canopy effects), and we assume f knot = 1 in tree stability calculations. The surface area of S. apetala trees is estimated using the model of the Methods section and their tree weight using the biomass allometric relationships of Zhu et al 80 Mangrove stability is calculated using the full range for the empirical coefficient for overturning (C r = 60 − 200 m 2 /s 273 ), since there is no specific information of C r values for mangroves, and using the expected range of modulus of rupture for S. apetala (σ u = 37±7 N/mm 2 ) 37 .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Mangrove Failure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the tree weight is estimated using the allometric relationships of Zhu et al 80 and the regression constant C r is varied between C r = 60 − 200 m 2 /s 273 .…”

Section: /21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating mangroves in dike designs: effect of tree growth and failure

Mancheño,

Vuik,

Wesenbeeck

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mangrove forests reduce wave attack along tropical coastlines, decreasing the design requirements of coastal embankments. Wave reduction by mangroves depends on their surface area and stability against storms, but both aspects are often oversimplified or neglected in coastal protection designs. Here we present a framework to evaluate how mangrove belts influence embankment designs, including mangrove growth and failure by overturning and trunk breakage. This methodology is applied to Sonneratia apetala mangroves seawards from embankments in Bangladesh, considering forest widths between 10-1000 m (cross-shore). For design water levels of 5 m, wave reduction by mangrove forests shorter than 1 km mostly affects the slope protection and the bank erodibility, whereas the embankment height is less influenced by mangroves. Sonneratia apetala trees induce a relative maximum in wave attenuation by 10 years old, due to their large submerged canopy area. Once trees grow older than 20 years old, their canopy is emergent, and most wave attenuation is caused by trunk and roots. Canopy emergence exposes mangroves to wind loads, which are much larger than wave loads, and can cause tree failure during cyclones. These results stress the importance of including tree surface area and stability models when predicting coastal protection by mangroves.

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Allometric growth and carbon storage in the mangrove Sonneratia apetala

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Density in Plant–Soil System of Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert in the Longzhong Loess Plateau

Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Density in Plant–Soil System of Temperate Steppe and Temperate Desert in the Longzhong Loess Plateau

Integrating mangrove growth and failure in coastal flood protection designs

Integrating mangroves in dike designs: effect of tree growth and failure

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