Allometric relations and growth in <i>Pinus taeda</i>: the effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, and changing N availability

Gebauer, Renate L. E.; Reynolds, James F.; Strain, Boyd R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01148.x

Cited by 109 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In other experiments with elevated [CO # ], nonmycorrhizal plants grew well (Gebauer et al, 1996) or even outperformed mycorrhizal seedlings (Rouhier & Read, 1998). Rouhier & Read (1998) suggested that the poor performance of ectomycorrhizal seedlings was due to a high carbon demand during the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 86%

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Gorissen¹,

Kuyper²

2000

New Phytologist

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Ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) inoculated with the nitrotolerant Laccaria bicolor and the nitrophobic Suillus bovinus were exposed to ambient (350 µl l −" ) and elevated (700 µl l −" ) [CO # ]. After 79 d the seedlings were labelled for 28 d with "%CO # , after which they were harvested. "%C was determined in shoots, roots plus mycorrhizas, soil, and below-ground respiration ; nitrogen was determined in shoots and roots. Total net "%C uptake increased under elevated [CO # ]. The extra carbon did not increase the shoot mass but was translocated to the roots and resulted in a decreased shoot-to-root ratio in the Suillus-inoculated seedlings. Laccaria-inoculated seedlings did not incorporate the additional carbon in root or fungal tissue but only increased below-ground respiration. S. bovinus acquired or transferred nitrogen better than L. bicolor and enabled the seedlings to perform better with regard to net carbon uptake under elevated [CO # ]. This resulted in nitrogen concentrations in shoots of Suillus-inoculated seedlings that were twice as high as in Laccaria-inoculated seedlings, irrespective of [CO # ]. The higher nitrogen concentration in the shoots resulted in a doubling of the "%C uptake per unit shoot mass. Our results suggest that the ability of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine seedlings to respond positively to elevated atmospheric [CO # ] is strongly fungal-species specific.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 86%

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Gorissen¹,

Kuyper²

2000

New Phytologist

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“…Bromus sterilis, Table 2 ; Festuca vivipara, Baxter et al, 1994 ;Dactylis glomerata, Farrar & Gunn, 1996). Biomass partitioning is known to be highly sensitive to supply of nutrients, particularly of N (Bowler & Press, 1993 ;Gebauer et al, 1996) and it could be that, where changes in allometric growth patterns have been reported, these simply reflect the difficulty in maintaining a ' non-limiting ' supply of N to plants as they grow larger in [CO # ] elev . Few allometric relations were significantly altered by temperature treatments at the individual species level (Table 2) but, averaged over all five species T mC elev resulted in a significant decrease in values of k, describing the relations between leaf area expansion (P l 0n014) and leaf mass (P l 0n006) relative to whole-plant biomass (Table 4).…”

Section: Elevated Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on growth and allometry of five native fast‐growing annual species

Jones¹,

Ashenden²,

Sparks³

1998

New Phytologist

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Whereas much is known of the short-term growth response to elevated atmospheric CO # concentrations, [CO # ] elev , there is relatively little information on how the response of native species is modified by temperature, despite the fact that an increase in global mean temperature is expected to accompany the rise in [CO # ]. In this study, five functionally related annual native species were exposed to different combinations of ambient and elevated [CO # ] and temperatures in order to assess their response in terms of growth and allometry. Fast-growing annuals were selected for the study because their growth responses could be assessed over a major portion of the plant's life cycle and in as short a period as 8 wk. Plants were grown in eight hemi-spherical glasshouses, programmed to track outside ambient conditions and provide a replicated experimental design. increased total plant biomass by 25 % (P l 0n005) at 56 d, reflecting a proportionally greater increase in leaf and stem mass relative to root weight. Elevated [CO # ] had no effect on leaf area, either at the individual species level or overall. Elevated T mC, by contrast, had little effect on shoot growth but increased root mass on average by 43 % and leaf area by 22 %. Few interactions between elevated [CO # ] and T mC were observed, with the CO # response generally greater at elevated than ambient T mC. Both [CO # ] elev and T mC elev resulted in a transient increase in relative growth rate, (), during the first 14 d exposure and a 3 mC increase in temperature had no effect on the duration of the response. CO # stimulation of growth operated through a sustained increase in net assimilation rate. (), although the potential benefit to  was offset by a concurrent decline in leaf area ratio (), as a result of a decrease in leaf area per unit leaf mass (). The response to T mC elev was generally opposite of that to [CO # ] elev . For example, T mC elev increased  through an increase in  and this, rather than any effect on , was the major factor responsible for the stimulation of . Allometric analysis of CO # effects revealed that changes in allocation observed at individual harvests were due solely to changes associated with plant size. Elevated T mC, by contrast, had a direct effect on allocation patterns to leaves, with an increase in leaf area expansion relative to whole plant mass during the initial stages of growth and subsequent increased allocation of biomass away from leaves to other regions of the plant. No change in the allometric relation between roots and shoots were observed at either elevated [CO # ] or T mC. We conclude, therefore, that allocation of biomass and morphological characteristics such as , are relatively insensitive to [CO # ], at least when analysed at the whole-plant level, and where changes have been observed, these are the product of comparing plants of the same age but different size.

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“…Elevated CO 2 can accelerate plant ontogeny so that differences in biomass allocation, N allocation, and N concentration between ambient-and elevated-CO 2 -grown plants can be explained by differences in plant size , Coleman et al 1993, Gebauer et al 1996. We used total-plant biomass as a covariate to remove the potentially confounding effect of plant size in our analysis of biomass allocation, N allocation, and tissue N concentration.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric CO 2 , Soil-N Availability, and Allocation of Biomass and Nitrogen by Populus tremuloides

Zak¹,

Pregitzer²,

Vogel³

et al. 2000

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Our ability to predict whether elevated atmospheric CO 2 will alter the cycling of C and N in terrestrial ecosystems requires understanding a complex set of feedback mechanisms initiated by changes in C and N acquisition by plants and the degree to which changes in resource acquisition (C and N) alter plant growth and allocation. To gain further insight into these dynamics, we grew six genotypes of Populus tremuloides Michx. that differ in autumnal senescence (early vs. late) under experimental atmospheric CO 2 (35.7 and 70.7 Pa) and soil-N availability (low and high) treatments. Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations were manipulated with open-top chambers, and soil-N availability was modified in open-bottom root boxes by mixing different proportions of native A and C horizon soil. Net N mineralization rates averaged 61 ng N·g Ϫ1 ·d Ϫ1 in low-N soil and 319 ng N·g Ϫ1 ·d Ϫ1in high-N soil. After 2.5 growing seasons, we harvested above-and belowground plant components in each chamber and determined total biomass, N concentration, N content, and the relative allocation of biomass and N to leaves, stems, and roots. Elevated CO 2 increased total plant biomass 16% in low-N soil and 38% in high-N soil, indicating that the growth response of P. tremuloides to elevated CO 2 was constrained by soil-N availability. Greater growth under elevated CO 2 did not substantially alter the allocation of biomass to above-or belowground plant components. At both levels of soil-N availability, elevated CO 2 decreased the N concentration of all plant tissues. Despite declines in tissue N concentration, elevated CO 2 significantly increased whole-plant N content in high-N soil (ambient ϭ 137 g N/chamber; elevated ϭ 155 g N/chamber), but it did not influence whole-plant N content in low-N soil (36 g N/chamber). Our results indicate that plants in high-N soil obtained greater amounts of soil N under elevated CO 2 by producing a proportionately larger fine-root system that more thoroughly exploited the soil. The significant positive relationship between fine-root biomass and total-plant N content we observed in high-N soil further supports this contention. In low-N soil, elevated CO 2 did not increase fine-root biomass or production, and plants under ambient and elevated CO 2 obtained equivalent amounts of N from soil. In high-N soil, it appears that greater acquisition of soil N under elevated CO 2 fed forward within the plant to increase rates of C acquisition, which further enhanced plant growth response to elevated CO 2 .

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Allometric relations and growth in Pinus taeda: the effect of elevated CO₂, and changing N availability

Cited by 109 publications

References 52 publications

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on growth and allometry of five native fast‐growing annual species

Atmospheric CO 2 , Soil-N Availability, and Allocation of Biomass and Nitrogen by Populus tremuloides

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Allometric relations and growth in Pinus taeda: the effect of elevated CO2, and changing N availability

Cited by 109 publications

References 52 publications

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO2]

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO2]

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and allometry of five native fast‐growing annual species

Atmospheric CO 2 , Soil-N Availability, and Allocation of Biomass and Nitrogen by Populus tremuloides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Allometric relations and growth in Pinus taeda: the effect of elevated CO₂, and changing N availability

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Fungal species‐specific responses of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to elevated [CO₂]

Effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on growth and allometry of five native fast‐growing annual species