Allophanic material in Australian soils derived from Pleistocene basalt

Briner, G.P.; Jackson, M L

doi:10.1071/sr9690163

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The molar ratios Table I ) of t g e amorphous materia P s in the subsoils develo ed in the o I der flows are approximately 2, close to that of kaolin-; ite an B halloysite. This trend is in the same direction as that reported b basalt B ad SiO,/ dl 203 molar ratios ranging from 1-4 to 2.4 (Moniz andBriner andJackson (1969, 1970) for soils in Pleistocene basalt whic contained amorphous materials with ratios in the range of 2.8 to 4, and for soils in Eocene basalt in which the amorphous material had molar ratios ranging from 1.8 to 2.6. The amorphous material (33 per cent of the cla fractions from several horizons of Brazilian soils developed in Syers et al?…”

Section: Results and Discussion Minerazogicaz Compositionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The amorphous material content of the clay fractions decreases only slightly, with age of the basalt in which the soil formed (Table I). The amount of amorphous material in the clay from the Dunmore A horizon (in 6200-year-old Eccles basalt) is greater (51 per cent) than that in the clay from A horizons of the soils formed in older basalts (36 to 38 er cent), but only slightly greater than that (44 proportion of amorphous material in this basalt chronosequence (39 per cent of the clay) is higher than that found (21 er cent) in the clay of the red soil developed in basalt of Eocene age in &toria and in the clay of a skeletal Corangamite soil (25 per cent) in basalt of Pleistocene age in Victoria (Briner andJackson, 1969, 1970). In northern Queensland, where temperatures are higher than in Victoria, slightly lower values up to 30 per cent) of amor hous material in the clay fraction were whereas in Tasmania, where temperatures are lower than in Victoria, the clay fraction of a soil derived from basalt contained a much higher amount (60 per cent) of amorphous material (Hosking et aZ., 1987).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Minerazogicaz Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mineralogy and Radioisotope Retention Properties of a Chronosequence of Soils Developed in Basalts of Victoria, Australia

Mokma

Jackson

Syers

et al. 1973

Journal of Soil Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mineralogical composition and retention properties for radioisotopes (OOSr and 1a7Cs) of soils developed in five basalt flows of age varying from 6000 years to about four million years occurring in western Victoria were investigated. The trend of mineral weathering has been almost exclusively to amorphous material, kaolinite-plus-halloysite, and chlorite, the more soluble products of weathering having been removed. The most significant changes in clay mineralogical composition with time are the progressive decrease in the Si02/A1203 molar ratio of the amorphous material in the clay fraction of the surface horizons, from an initial value of approximately 4 to values of approximately 2, and the progressive increase in the amount of kaolinite-plus-halloysite, both in the topsoil and at depth, with age of the basalt flow. The amount of kaolinite plus halloysite increases from approximately 20 per cent of the clay of soil developed in the basalt flow 6000 years old to approximately 50 per cent of that of soil in basalt about four million years old. Evidence for the presence of halloysite was obtained by electron microscopy studies. The amorphous material and chlorite contents, each of which constitutes between 20 and 50 per cent of the clay fractions, decrease concurrently with the increase in kaolinite-plus-halloysite content.Fixation of Sr by whole soil samples was controlled by the organic matter and free iron oxide contents rather than by the mineralogy of the samples. A high proportion of the added Cs was sorbed by whole soil samples. Much of the sorbed Cs was not readily replaced by CaCl, washings but was replaced in part by subsequent washing with NaCl of pH 5.3 and almost entirely by subsequent NH4Cl washings. Much of the Sr and Cs deposited on these soils by rainfall and dry fall-out would be sorbed; the ease of replacement suggests that these elements would be available for further movement through the food chain.

show abstract

Section: Results and Discussion Minerazogicaz Compositionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Results and Discussion Minerazogicaz Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mineralogy and Radioisotope Retention Properties of a Chronosequence of Soils Developed in Basalts of Victoria, Australia

Mokma

Jackson

Syers

et al. 1973

Journal of Soil Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is silica-rich, having Al/Si ratios of 0.35-1.0 (S1O2/AI2O3 5.66-2.0), similar to the siliceous allophane described by Briner & Jackson (1969). It occurs predominantly in semi-arid and arid environments, in the upper horizons and saprolites of fossil deep-weathering profiles, in an area with a long, complex geomorphological history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Compositions are usually discussed in terms of Al/Si or SiOo/AloOs mole ratios, and nearly all allophanes described in the literature (summarised by Wada & Harward, 1974;Wada, 1977Wada, , 1980 have Al/Si ratios of 1.0-1.54 (SiO 2 /Al 2 O3 2.0-1.3). Exceptions are the siliceous allophanes described by Briner & Jackson (1969) from immature soils on basalts in Victoria, which have Al/Si ratios of 0.5-1.0 (Si0 2 /Alo0 3 4.0-2.0). These are some of the few silica-rich allophanes reported, although synthetic non-crystalline aluminosilicates with Al/Si ratios of 0.25 and lower have been prepared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aluminosilicate cementation of saprolites, grits and silcretes in Western Australia

Butt¹

1983

Journal of the Geological Society of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amorphous to poorly crystalline aluminosilicates have been found as cementing agents within saprolites, hardpans and silcretes, particularly in granitic terrains in the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. The cements range mineralogically from siliceous allophane to a kaoIinite-opal-CT assemblage probably derived from the allophane. The allophane is non-crystalline, with no distinctive X-ray or electron diffraction patterns, and has close optical similarities to opaline silica. It is characterised by Al/Si ratios of 0.35-1.0, with small amounts of adsorbed iron and titanium. It occurs as colloform void and vein fillings, and permeating the kaolinitic matrix of saprolites. The kaolinite and opal-CT have a similar occurrence, with the kaolinite oriented parallel to colloform and related banding. The aluminosilicate cements are found in saprolite, usually in the upper zones, and in overlying grits and silcretes. At Gabbin, in the central Yilgarn, the grits are up to 10 m thick and have aluminosilicate as the only cement. Although very hard when in situ, the grits tend to disaggregate on exposure and rarely, if ever, crop out. In profiles exposed in breakaways of the BarrSmith Range in the northern Yilgarn, the saprolite is overlain by silcretes with a quartz-anatase-zircon assemblage as cementing matrix, in turn overlain by aluminosilicate-cemented grits. The contact is gradational, and most silcretes and grits contain both types of cement, with the aluminosilicate increasing in abundance upwards. Kaolinitic spherules in sand plains are possibly derived from similar aluminosilicates.

show abstract

“…Hasbimoto and Jackson (1960) have reported similar high values. The amorphous materials with SiOz/A1203 molar ratios greater than 2.5 was termed as ,,Siliceous allophane" by Briner and Jackson (1969).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Amorphous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of amorphous materials in alluvial soils

Rão

Singh

Murti

1977

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Die Natur des amorphen Materials in alluvialen Böden Die Natur von amorphem Material in der Tonfraktion (≤2μ) einiger alluvialer Böden Indiens wurde untersucht. Die Bodentone hatten beträchtliche Anteile an Smectit (22–40 %), Illit (10–28 %), Kaolinit (13–18 %) und Quarz (22–40 %). Das amorphe Material wurde auf der Basis des von Krishna Murti et al. (1976) vorgeschlagenen Modells charakterisiert. Der berechnete OH‐Wasser‐Gehalt betrug durchschnittlich 15,7 %, die Kationen‐Austauschkapazität (gemessen bei pH 7,0) variierte von 65,2 bis 255,3 mval/100g und zeigte eine hohe negative Korrelation zu der äußeren Hydroxyaluminiumpolymer‐Komponente, die die Brauchbarkeit des Modells für das amorphe Material in diesen Böden bestätigt.

show abstract

Allophanic material in Australian soils derived from Pleistocene basalt

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Mineralogy and Radioisotope Retention Properties of a Chronosequence of Soils Developed in Basalts of Victoria, Australia

Mineralogy and Radioisotope Retention Properties of a Chronosequence of Soils Developed in Basalts of Victoria, Australia

Aluminosilicate cementation of saprolites, grits and silcretes in Western Australia

The nature of amorphous materials in alluvial soils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About