Allopurinol prevents ischaemia-dependent haemorheological changes

Capecchi, Pier Leopoldo; Laghi-Pasini, Franco; Pasqui, A. L.; Orrico, Alfredo; Ceccatelli, L.; Acciavatti, A.; Galigani, C.; Pieragalli, D.; Perri, T. Di

doi:10.1007/bf00558241

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In combination with the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase, superoxide dismutase also improves regional coronary blood flow and decreases microvascular injury after ischaemia and reperfusion in dogs (Przyklenk & Kloner, 1989). Whilst allopurinol inhibits superoxide anion generation by xanthine oxidase, an enzyme localized in the vascular endothelium (Ferrari et al, 1990), it does not inhibit superoxide production, chemotaxis or degranulation by human neutrophils (Jones et al, 1985;Capecchi et al, 1988). Therefore, a direct action by allopurinol on leukocytes in this study is unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Allopurinol and amlodipine improve coronary vasodilatation after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs

Sobey

Dalipram

Woodman

1993

British J Pharmacology

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1 We have assessed the effect of allopurinol, amlodipine and propranolol pretreatment on both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent coronary vasodilatation in vivo, by comparing pre-ischaemic responses with those measured after 60 min of coronary artery occlusion and 30 min of reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs. 2 In 15 untreated dogs ischaemia and reperfusion attenuated the increases in coronary blood flow produced by either acetylcholine (0.01-0.05ttg kg-', i.a.) or glyceryl trinitrate (0.05-0.2;Lg kg-', i.a.), to an average of 39 ± 4% and 42 ± 5% of the pre-ischaemic control response, respectively (both P <0.05).3 In 5 dogs treated with allopurinol (25 mg kg-', orally, 24 h previously, plus 50 mg kg-', i.v., 5 min before occlusion), the increases in coronary blood flow after ischaemia and reperfusion (acetylcholine: 78 ± 12%, glyceryl trinitrate: 60 ± 3% of pre-ischaemic response) were significantly larger than postischaemic responses in untreated dogs (both P <0.05). 4 Similarly, amlodipine treatment (3 fig kg Imin-', i.v., starting 90 min before occlusion) in 5 dogs improved post-ischaemic increases in blood flow (acetylcholine: 58.5%, glyceryl trinitrate: 66 ± 6% of pre-ischaemic response, significantly greater than post-ischaemic responses in untreated dogs, P <0.05). 5 In contrast, in a further 6 dogs pretreated with propranolol (1 mg kg-', i.v., 30 min before occlusion, plus 0.5 mg kg-' h-', i.v.), blood flow responses after ischaemia and reperfusion were not different from post-ischaemic responses in untreated dogs (acetylcholine: 46± 6%, glyceryl trinitrate: 46± 6% of pre-ischaemic response). 6 These results suggest that allopurinol and amlodipine protect against the post-ischaemic impairment of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent coronary vasodilatation in vivo by mechanisms additional to endothelial protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Allopurinol and amlodipine improve coronary vasodilatation after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs

Sobey

Dalipram

Woodman

1993

British J Pharmacology

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“…However, results from Capecchi et al have shown that allopurinol has no effect on superoxide anion generation or enzyme release from neutrophils stimulated in vitro with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [113]. Nor do more recent observations support the critical role of XO in generating ROS during intensive exercise.…”

Section: Ros Generation By Xanthine Oxidasementioning

confidence: 97%

The Positive and Negative Aspects of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sports Performance

Li¹

2013

Current Issues in Sports and Exercise Medicine

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53360 . IntroductionPhysical exercise, especially moderate physical exercise, can benefit health in a wide range of ways [ -]. Evidence from different age groups, genders and races has revealed that regular physical exercise is associated with high levels of physical fitness and a reduced risk of mortality, while sedentary habits are related to low levels of physical fitness and an increased threat of all-cause mortality [ -]. However, the physiological mechanism of physical exerciseinduced physical fitness remains only partly understood.During physical exercise, the metabolic rate increases greatly, as quantified by oxygen consumption and heat production, which results in an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species ROS . ROS describe both oxygen-centred free radicals and reactive non-radical derivatives of oxygen resulting from a sequential reduction of oxygen through the addition of electrons. Table shows the representative ROS. The role of ROS in physical exercise is frequently misunderstood. Most people tend to either overemphasize the deleterious role of ROS by maintaining that any ROS generation in vivo during exercise would damage cellular constituents, or underemphasize the beneficial effect of exercise-induced ROS by assuming that the body has enough ROS in vivo that it needs. Two breakthroughs, the identification of ROS in redox regulation and findings on the role of antioxidant supplementation in preventing health-promoting effects of physical exercise, have led scientists to re-examine the role of ROS, especially their positive influence. The goal of this chapter is to outline the current evidence on the sites of ROS generation during exercise, the role of exercise-induced ROS, the effects of antioxidant supplementation on physical-exercise-induced physical fitness, and the mechanism of ROS in exercise-induced adaptation.© 2013 Li; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Oxygen-centred free radicalsReactive non-radical derivatives of oxygen superoxide anion (O 2˙ˉ ) hydroxyl radical (HO˙) peroxyl radical (RO 2˙) alkoxyl radical (RO˙) hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) singlet oxygen (1Δg) ozone (O 3 ) Table 1. Name (Radical depiction) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) . Evidence of ros generation in exerciseExercise has been shown to alter oxidative stress in a wide range of body fluids, cells and/or tissues in human beings, rodents and other animals. These include commonly used model tissues, such as blood [ -] and skeletal muscle [ , -], along with many other models less often used for laboratory research, such as neutrophils [ -], lymphocytes [ -], the diaphragm [ , ], liver [ -], heart [ , -], lung [ , ], brain [ -], kidney [ , ], spleen [ , ], and thym...

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“…33 Furthermore, another measure of FR activity, the oxidation of adrenaline to adrenochrome, has been used to detect increased activity in acute stroke patients. 34 FRs are most likely to effect vascular damage during reperfusion of an ischaemic areals: catecholamine and AA metabolites are increased, the oxygen supply is returned, activated PMNs accumulate and xanthine oxidase shows increased activity.…”

Section: Chemical Effects Of Wbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The white blood cell as a risk factor for thrombotic vascular disease

Belch

1990

Vascular Medicine Review

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Allopurinol prevents ischaemia-dependent haemorheological changes

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Allopurinol and amlodipine improve coronary vasodilatation after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs

Allopurinol and amlodipine improve coronary vasodilatation after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs

The Positive and Negative Aspects of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sports Performance

The white blood cell as a risk factor for thrombotic vascular disease

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